Faculty Publications

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https://hdl.handle.net/1911/75173

This collection includes faculty journal articles deposited per Rice's Open Access Policy and additional faculty work. Items found in this collection can also be found in the authors' departmental faculty publication collections.

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Climate Reality On-Screen: The Climate Crisis in Popular Films, 2013-22
(Buck Lab for Climate and Environment at Colby College and Good Energy, 2024) Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew; Lim, Jerald; Bellido, Dominic; Stringer, Moya; Wilson, Adria Zheng; Zhou, Zoky
Most research that has examined climate change in film has focused on anomalous climate-focused films such as The Day After Tomorrow and Don’t Look Up, but fictional narratives have their greatest impact in the aggregate, through repetition of common settings, themes, and actions. Is the film industry as a whole helping us face and respond to the climate crisis—or avoid it? To answer this question, Matthew Schneider-Mayerson worked with five current and former students (Dominic Bellido, Moya Stringer, Adria Zheng Wilson, and Zoky Zhou) to apply a communication studies methodology to the 250 most popular films of the last decade (2013 to 2022), identifying the presence of climate c hange in a film’s story world; climate awareness; scenes with climate mentions; common climate impacts; and climate-positive and climate-negative behaviors in each film. The result is “Climate Change On-screen,” a groundbreaking systematic analysis of climate change in popular films, published by the Buck Lab for Climate & Energy at Colby College and Good Energy, a leading climate consultancy.
The GIAB genomic stratifications resource for human reference genomes
(Springer Nature, 2024) Dwarshuis, Nathan; Kalra, Divya; McDaniel, Jennifer; Sanio, Philippe; Alvarez Jerez, Pilar; Jadhav, Bharati; Huang, Wenyu (Eddy); Mondal, Rajarshi; Busby, Ben; Olson, Nathan D.; Sedlazeck, Fritz J.; Wagner, Justin; Majidian, Sina; Zook, Justin M.
Despite the growing variety of sequencing and variant-calling tools, no workflow performs equally well across the entire human genome. Understanding context-dependent performance is critical for enabling researchers, clinicians, and developers to make informed tradeoffs when selecting sequencing hardware and software. Here we describe a set of “stratifications,” which are BED files that define distinct contexts throughout the genome. We define these for GRCh37/38 as well as the new T2T-CHM13 reference, adding many new hard-to-sequence regions which are critical for understanding performance as the field progresses. Specifically, we highlight the increase in hard-to-map and GC-rich stratifications in CHM13 relative to the previous references. We then compare the benchmarking performance with each reference and show the performance penalty brought about by these additional difficult regions in CHM13. Additionally, we demonstrate how the stratifications can track context-specific improvements over different platform iterations, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies as an example. The means to generate these stratifications are available as a snakemake pipeline at https://github.com/usnistgov/giab-stratifications. We anticipate this being useful in enabling precise risk-reward calculations when building sequencing pipelines for any of the commonly-used reference genomes.
What drives perceptions of partisan cooperation?
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Santoso, Lie Philip; Stevenson, Randolph T.; Weschle, Simon
What drives voters' perceptions of partisan cooperation? In this note, we investigate whether voters have accurate beliefs about which parties regularly cooperate with one another, and whether these beliefs follow the real-time portrait of cooperation and conflict between parties that is reported in the news. We combine original survey data of voters' perceptions of party cooperation in four countries over two time periods with a measure of parties' public relationships as reported by the media. We find that voters' perceptions of cooperation and conflict among parties do reflect actual patterns of interactions. This pattern holds even after controlling for policy differences between parties as well as joint cabinet membership. Furthermore, we show that the impact of contemporary events on cooperation perceptions is most pronounced for voters who monitor the political news more carefully. Our findings have important implications for partisan cooperation and mass–elite linkages. Specifically, we find that contrary to the usual finding that voters are generally uninformed about politics, voters hold broadly accurate beliefs about the patterns of partisan cooperation, and importantly, these views track changes in relevant news. This reflects positively on the masses' capacities to infer parties' behaviors.
Persistent flat band splitting and strong selective band renormalization in a kagome magnet thin film
(Springer Nature, 2024) Ren, Zheng; Huang, Jianwei; Tan, Hengxin; Biswas, Ananya; Pulkkinen, Aki; Zhang, Yichen; Xie, Yaofeng; Yue, Ziqin; Chen, Lei; Xie, Fang; Allen, Kevin; Wu, Han; Ren, Qirui; Rajapitamahuni, Anil; Kundu, Asish K.; Vescovo, Elio; Kono, Junichiro; Morosan, Emilia; Dai, Pengcheng; Zhu, Jian-Xin; Si, Qimiao; Minár, Ján; Yan, Binghai; Yi, Ming; Smalley-Curl Institute
Magnetic kagome materials provide a fascinating playground for exploring the interplay of magnetism, correlation and topology. Many magnetic kagome systems have been reported including the binary FemXn (X = Sn, Ge; m:n = 3:1, 3:2, 1:1) family and the rare earth RMn6Sn6 (R = rare earth) family, where their kagome flat bands are calculated to be near the Fermi level in the paramagnetic phase. While partially filling a kagome flat band is predicted to give rise to a Stoner-type ferromagnetism, experimental visualization of the magnetic splitting across the ordering temperature has not been reported for any of these systems due to the high ordering temperatures, hence leaving the nature of magnetism in kagome magnets an open question. Here, we probe the electronic structure with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a kagome magnet thin film FeSn synthesized using molecular beam epitaxy. We identify the exchange-split kagome flat bands, whose splitting persists above the magnetic ordering temperature, indicative of a local moment picture. Such local moments in the presence of the topological flat band are consistent with the compact molecular orbitals predicted in theory. We further observe a large spin-orbital selective band renormalization in the Fe $${{{{\rm{d}}}}}_{{xy}}+{{{{\rm{d}}}}}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$spin majority channel reminiscent of the orbital selective correlation effects in the iron-based superconductors. Our discovery of the coexistence of local moments with topological flat bands in a kagome system echoes similar findings in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, and provides a basis for theoretical effort towards modeling correlation effects in magnetic flat band systems.
Ecological shifts underlie parallels between ontogenetic and evolutionary allometries in parrotfishes
(Royal Society, 2024) Neves, Mayara P.; Hugi, April; Chan, Howan; Arnold, Kaleigh; Titus, Kara; Westneat, Mark W.; Zelditch, Miriam L.; Brandl, Simon; Evans, Kory M.
During ontogeny, animals often undergo significant shape and size changes, coinciding with ecological shifts. This is evident in parrotfishes (Eupercaria: Labridae), which experience notable ecological shifts during development, transitioning from carnivorous diets as larvae and juveniles to herbivorous and omnivorous diets as adults, using robust beaks and skulls for feeding on coral skeletons and other hard substrates. These ontogenetic shifts mirror their evolutionary history, as parrotfishes are known to have evolved from carnivorous wrasse ancestors. Parallel shifts at ontogenetic and phylogenetic levels may have resulted in similar evolutionary and ontogenetic allometric trajectories within parrotfishes. To test this hypothesis, using micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we analyse the effects of size on the skull shape of the striped parrotfish Scarus iseri and compare its ontogenetic allometry to the evolutionary allometries of 57 parrotfishes and 162 non-parrotfish wrasses. The young S. iseri have skull shapes resembling non-parrotfish wrasses and grow towards typical adult parrotfish forms as they mature. There was a significant relationship between size and skull shapes and strong evidence for parallel ontogenetic and evolutionary slopes in parrotfishes. Our findings suggest that morphological changes associated with the ecological shift characterizing interspecific parrotfish evolution are conserved in their intraspecific ontogenies.
Transcriptional responses to direct and indirect TGFB1 stimulation in cancerous and noncancerous mammary epithelial cells
(Springer Nature, 2024) Janus, Patryk; Kuś, Paweł; Jaksik, Roman; Vydra, Natalia; Toma-Jonik, Agnieszka; Gramatyka, Michalina; Kurpas, Monika; Kimmel, Marek; Widłak, Wiesława
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is important for the morphogenesis and secretory function of the mammary gland. It is one of the main activators of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process important for tissue remodeling and regeneration. It also provides cells with the plasticity to form metastases during tumor progression. Noncancerous and cancer cells respond differently to TGFβ. However, knowledge of the cellular signaling cascades triggered by TGFβ in various cell types is still limited.
Invasive plants and their root traits are linked to the homogenization of soil microbial communities across the United States
(National Academy of Sciences, 2024) Nunez-Mir, Gabriela C.; McCary, Matthew A.
Although the impacts of invasive plants on soil ecosystems are widespread, the role and impacts of invader root traits in structuring microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we present a macroecological study investigating how plant invaders and their root traits affect soil microbial communities, spanning data from 377 unique plots across the United States sampled multiple times, totaling 632 sampling events and 94 invasive plant species. We found that native and invasive plants harbor different root traits on average, with invasive plants possessing higher specific root lengths and native plants having higher root tissue density. We also show that soil microbial communities experiencing heavy plant invasions were more similar to each other in composition across ecosystem types and geographical regions than plots with higher proportions of native plants, which displayed highly variable microbial communities across the continent. Root traits of invasive plants in highly invaded plots explained two times more variation in microbial composition than native plants. This work represents an important step toward understanding macroscale and cross-scale patterns of the relationship between plant invasions, root traits, and soil microbial composition. Our findings provide insights into how invasive plants may impact ecosystem functioning at the macroscale via their homogenizing influence on microbial communities.
Supply Chain Sustainability in Outer Space: Lessons to Be Learnt from Remote Sites on Earth
(MDPI, 2024) Varon Hoyos, Manuel; Hessel, Volker; Salas, Eduardo; Culton, John; Robertson, Karen; Laybourn, Andrea; Escribà-Gelonch, Marc; Cook, Nigel; de Zwart, Melissa
Space exploration, with its enormous distances and extreme environments, is a challenge to technology, human habitation, sustainability, and supply chains. On the flip-side, however, it can provide a new vantage point on how to improve human life and planetary prosperity. This objective requires the development of economic and sustainable supply chains and a governance framework to guarantee fundamental human needs and well-being under the limitations of distant and inhospitable environments. This review describes learnings for human habitation in space from remote communities on Earth that have developed and survived over generations. These include a long history of human survival strategies on Tristan da Cunha, Pitcairn Islands, Nauru, and Easter Island. Their supply chain management solutions and their problems can guide the implementation of logistics systems for the efficient use of resources in space, to satisfy vital needs of human survival but also to ensure social and governance in space, e.g., build-up of thriving communities, mobility, and industrial activities. This review demonstrates that there are significant gaps in recent space supply chain studies with respect to the space environment, social and governance. Analysis of established practices and concepts from remote regions on Earth can readily respond to these deficiencies and thus supplement space exploration. This review recommends extending the assessment of supply-chain assets from the near future to long-term strategic. This implies going far beyond current space supply chain reports to include aspects of social responsibility and governance, such as sustainable health systems, product quality management, and local decision-making.
Strategy investments in zero-sum games
(Springer Nature, 2024) Garcia, Raul; Hosseinian, Seyedmohammadhossein; Pai, Mallesh; Schaefer, Andrew J.
We propose an extension of two-player zero-sum games, where one player may select available actions for themselves and the opponent, subject to a budget constraint. We present a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for the problem, provide analytical results regarding its solution, and discuss applications in the security and advertising domains. Our computational experiments demonstrate that heuristic approaches, on average, yield suboptimal solutions with at least a 20% relative gap with those obtained by the MILP formulation.
Evolutionary innovation accelerates morphological diversification in pufferfishes and their relatives
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Troyer, Emily M; Evans, Kory M; Goatley, Christopher H R; Friedman, Matt; Carnevale, Giorgio; Nicholas, Benjamin; Kolmann, Matthew; Bemis, Katherine E; Arcila, Dahiana
Evolutionary innovations have played an important role in shaping the diversity of life on Earth. However, how these innovations arise and their downstream effects on patterns of morphological diversification remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the impact of evolutionary innovation on trait diversification in tetraodontiform fishes (pufferfishes, boxfishes, ocean sunfishes, and allies). This order provides an ideal model system for studying morphological diversification owing to their range of habitats and divergent morphologies, including the fusion of the teeth into a beak in several families. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometric data for 176 extant and fossil species, we examine the effect of skull integration and novel habitat association on the evolution of innovation. Strong integration may be a requirement for rapid trait evolution and facilitating the evolution of innovative structures, like the tetraodontiform beak. Our results show that the beak arose in the presence of highly conserved patterns of integration across the skull, suggesting that integration did not limit the range of available phenotypes to tetraodontiforms. Furthermore, we find that beaks have allowed tetraodontiforms to diversify into novel ecological niches, irrespective of habitat. Our results suggest that general rules pertaining to evolutionary innovation may be more nuanced than previously thought.
Revitalizing educational institutions through customer focus
(Springer Nature, 2024) Mittal, Vikas; Jung, Jihye
Despite the importance of education in terms of spending and its impact, dissatisfaction with traditional public schools is growing due to students’ underperformance. One reason, among many, is the lack of strategic focus among educational institutions. The authors theoretically and empirically demonstrate the benefits of a customer-focused approach to strategy planning and execution for improving student performance. A customer-focused strategy enables educational institutions to identify customer needs providing the most value to customers, align strategy execution to those needs, and ultimately improve customer loyalty and academic outcomes. We demonstrate the approach using data from qualitative interviews with school leaders and surveys from 10,644 K12 parents. We conclude that a customer-focused approach helps educational institutions satisfy their customers and achieve higher academic outcomes.
Performance of a Modular Ton-Scale Pixel-Readout Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber
(MDPI, 2024) Abed Abud, A.; Abi, B.; Acciarri, R.; Acero, M. A.; Adames, M. R.; Adamov, G.; Adamowski, M.; Adams, D.; Adinolfi, M.; Adriano, C.; Aduszkiewicz, A.; Aguilar, J.; Aimard, B.; Akbar, F.; Allison, K.; Monsalve, S. Alonso; Alrashed, M.; Alton, A.; Alvarez, R.; Alves, T.; Amar, H.; Amedo, P.; Anderson, J.; Andrade, D. A.; Andreopoulos, C.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, M. P.; Andrianala, F.; Andringa, S.; Anfimov, N.; Ankowski, A.; Antoniassi, M.; Antonova, M.; Antoshkin, A.; Aranda-Fernandez, A.; Arellano, L.; Diaz, E. Arrieta; Arroyave, M. A.; Asaadi, J.; Ashkenazi, A.; Asner, D.; Asquith, L.; Atkin, E.; Auguste, D.; Aurisano, A.; Aushev, V.; Autiero, D.; Azfar, F.; Back, A.; Back, H.; Back, J. J.; Bagaturia, I.; Bagby, L.; Balashov, N.; Balasubramanian, S.; Baldi, P.; Baldini, W.; Baldonedo, J.; Baller, B.; Bambah, B.; Banerjee, R.; Barao, F.; Barenboim, G.; Alzás, P. B̃arham; Barker, G. J.; Barkhouse, W.; Barr, G.; Monarca, J. Barranco; Barros, A.; Barros, N.; Barrow, D.; Barrow, J. L.; Basharina-Freshville, A.; Bashyal, A.; Basque, V.; Batchelor, C.; Bathe-Peters, L.; Battat, J. B. R.; Battisti, F.; Bay, F.; Bazetto, M. C. Q.; Alba, J. L. L. Bazo; Beacom, J. F.; Bechetoille, E.; Behera, B.; Belchior, E.; Bell, G.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellettini, G.; Bellini, V.; Beltramello, O.; Benekos, N.; Montiel, C. Benitez; Benjamin, D.; Neves, F. Bento; Berger, J.; Berkman, S.; Bernal, J.; Bernardini, P.; Bersani, A.; Bertolucci, S.; Betancourt, M.; Rodríguez, A. Betancur; Bevan, A.; Bezawada, Y.; Bezerra, A. T.; Bezerra, T. J.; Bhat, A.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bhatt, J.; Bhattacharjee, M.; Bhattacharya, M.; Bhuller, S.; Bhuyan, B.; Biagi, S.; Bian, J.; Biery, K.; Bilki, B.; Bishai, M.; Bitadze, A.; Blake, A.; Blaszczyk, F. D.; Blazey, G. C.; Blucher, E.; Bogenschuetz, J.; Boissevain, J.; Bolognesi, S.; Bolton, T.; Bomben, L.; Bonesini, M.; Bonilla-Diaz, C.; Bonini, F.; Booth, A.; Boran, F.; Bordoni, S.; Merlo, R. Borges; Borkum, A.; Bostan, N.; Bracinik, J.; Braga, D.; Brahma, B.; Brailsford, D.; Bramati, F.; Branca, A.; Brandt, A.; Bremer, J.; Brew, C.; Brice, S. J.; Brio, V.; Brizzolari, C.; Bromberg, C.; Brooke, J.; Bross, A.; Brunetti, G.; Brunetti, M.; Buchanan, N.; Budd, H.; Buergi, J.; Burgardt, D.; Butchart, S.; V., G. Caceres; Cagnoli, I.; Cai, T.; Calabrese, R.; Calcutt, J.; Calin, M.; Calivers, L.; Calvo, E.; Caminata, A.; Camino, A. F.; Campanelli, W.; Campani, A.; Benitez, A. Campos; Canci, N.; Capó, J.; Caracas, I.; Caratelli, D.; Carber, D.; Carceller, J. M.; Carini, G.; Carlus, B.; Carneiro, M. F.; Carniti, P.; Terrazas, I. Caro; Carranza, H.; Carrara, N.; Carroll, L.; Carroll, T.; Carter, A.; Casarejos, E.; Casazza, D.; Forero, J. F. Castaño; Castaño, F. A.; Castillo, A.; Castromonte, C.; Catano-Mur, E.; Cattadori, C.; Cavalier, F.; Cavanna, F.; Centro, S.; Cerati, G.; Cerna, C.; Cervelli, A.; Villanueva, A. Cervera; Chakraborty, K.; Chakraborty, S.; Chalifour, M.; Chappell, A.; Charitonidis, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chen, H.; Chen, M.; Chen, W. C.; Chen, Y.; Chen-Wishart, Z.; Cherdack, D.; Chi, C.; Chirco, R.; Chitirasreemadam, N.; Cho, K.; Choate, S.; Chokheli, D.; Chong, P. S.; Chowdhury, B.; Christian, D.; Chukanov, A.; Chung, M.; Church, E.; Cicala, M. F.; Cicerchia, M.; Cicero, V.; Ciolini, R.; Clarke, P.; Cline, G.; Coan, T. E.; Cocco, A. G.; Coelho, J. a. B.; Cohen, A.; Collazo, J.; Collot, J.; Conley, E.; Conrad, J. M.; Convery, M.; Copello, S.; Cova, P.; Cox, C.; Cremaldi, L.; Cremonesi, L.; Crespo-Anadón, J. I.; Crisler, M.; Cristaldo, E.; Crnkovic, J.; Crone, G.; Cross, R.; Cudd, A.; Cuesta, C.; Cui, Y.; Curciarello, F.; Cussans, D.; Dai, J.; Dalager, O.; Dallavalle, R.; Dallaway, W.; da Motta, H.; Dar, Z. A.; Darby, R.; Da Silva Peres, L.; David, Q.; Davies, G. S.; Davini, S.; Dawson, J.; De Aguiar, R.; De Almeida, P.; Debbins, P.; De Bonis, I.; Decowski, M. P.; de Gouvêa, A.; De Holanda, P. C.; De Icaza Astiz, I. L.; De Jong, P.; Del Amo Sanchez, P.; De la Torre, A.; De Lauretis, G.; Delbart, A.; Delepine, D.; Delgado, M.; Dell’Acqua, A.; Monache, G. Delle; Delmonte, N.; De Lurgio, P.; Demario, R.; De Matteis, G.; de Mello Neto, J. R. T.; DeMuth, D. M.; Dennis, S.; Densham, C.; Denton, P.; Deptuch, G. W.; De Roeck, A.; De Romeri, V.; Detje, J. P.; Devine, J.; Dharmapalan, R.; Dias, M.; Diaz, A.; Díaz, J. S.; Díaz, F.; Di Capua, F.; Di Domenico, A.; Di Domizio, S.; Di Falco, S.; Di Giulio, L.; Ding, P.; Di Noto, L.; Diociaiuti, E.; Distefano, C.; Diurba, R.; Diwan, M.; Djurcic, Z.; Doering, D.; Dolan, S.; Dolek, F.; Dolinski, M. J.; Domenici, D.; Domine, L.; Donati, S.; Donon, Y.; Doran, S.; Douglas, D.; Doyle, T. A.; Dragone, A.; Drielsma, F.; Duarte, L.; Duchesneau, D.; Duffy, K.; Dugas, K.; Dunne, P.; Dutta, B.; Duyang, H.; Dwyer, D. A.; Dyshkant, A. S.; Dytman, S.; Eads, M.; Earle, A.; Edayath, S.; Edmunds, D.; Eisch, J.; Englezos, P.; Ereditato, A.; Erjavec, T.; Escobar, C. O.; Evans, J. J.; Ewart, E.; Ezeribe, A. C.; Fahey, K.; Fajt, L.; Falcone, A.; Fani’, M.; Farnese, C.; Farrell, S.; Farzan, Y.; Fedoseev, D.; Felix, J.; Feng, Y.; Fernandez-Martinez, E.; Ferry, G.; Fields, L.; Filip, P.; Filkins, A.; Filthaut, F.; Fine, R.; Fiorillo, G.; Fiorini, M.; Fogarty, S.; Foreman, W.; Fowler, J.; Franc, J.; Francis, K.; Franco, D.; Franklin, J.; Freeman, J.; Fried, J.; Friedland, A.; Fuess, S.; Furic, I. K.; Furman, K.; Furmanski, A. P.; Gaba, R.; Gabrielli, A.; Gago, A. M.; Galizzi, F.; Gallagher, H.; Gallas, A.; Gallice, N.; Galymov, V.; Gamberini, E.; Gamble, T.; Ganacim, F.; Gandhi, R.; Ganguly, S.; Gao, F.; Gao, S.; Garcia-Gamez, D.; García-Peris, M. Á; Gardim, F.; Gardiner, S.; Gastler, D.; Gauch, A.; Gauvreau, J.; Gauzzi, P.; Gazzana, S.; Ge, G.; Geffroy, N.; Gelli, B.; Gent, S.; Gerlach, L.; Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z.; Giammaria, T.; Gibin, D.; Gil-Botella, I.; Gilligan, S.; Gioiosa, A.; Giovannella, S.; Girerd, C.; Giri, A. K.; Giugliano, C.; Giusti, V.; Gnani, D.; Gogota, O.; Gollapinni, S.; Gollwitzer, K.; Gomes, R. A.; Bermeo, L. V. Gomez; Fajardo, L. S. Gomez; Gonnella, F.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Gonzalez-Lopez, M.; Goodman, M. C.; Goswami, S.; Gotti, C.; Goudeau, J.; Goudzovski, E.; Grace, C.; Gramellini, E.; Gran, R.; Granados, E.; Granger, P.; Grant, C.; Gratieri, D. R.; Grauso, G.; Green, P.; Greenberg, S.; Greer, J.; Griffith, W. C.; Groetschla, F. T.; Grzelak, K.; Gu, L.; Gu, W.; Guarino, V.; Guarise, M.; Guenette, R.; Guerard, E.; Guerzoni, M.; Guffanti, D.; Guglielmi, A.; Guo, B.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, V.; Gurung, G.; Gutierrez, D.; Guzowski, P.; Guzzo, M. M.; Gwon, S.; Habig, A.; Hadavand, H.; Haegel, L.; Haenni, R.; Hagaman, L.; Hahn, A.; Haiston, J.; Hakenmueller, J.; Hamernik, T.; Hamilton, P.; Hancock, J.; Happacher, F.; Harris, D. A.; Hartnell, J.; Hartnett, T.; Harton, J.; Hasegawa, T.; Hasnip, C.; Hatcher, R.; Hayrapetyan, K.; Hays, J.; Hazen, E.; He, M.; Heavey, A.; Heeger, K. M.; Heise, J.; Henry, S.; Morquecho, M. A. Hernandez; Herner, K.; Hewes, V.; Higuera, A.; Hilgenberg, C.; Hillier, S. J.; Himmel, A.; Hinkle, E.; Hirsch, L. R.; Ho, J.; Hoff, J.; Holin, A.; Holvey, T.; Hoppe, E.; Horiuchi, S.; Horton-Smith, G. A.; Hostert, M.; Houdy, T.; Howard, B.; Howell, R.; Hristova, I.; Hronek, M. S.; Huang, J.; Huang, R. G.; Hulcher, Z.; Ibrahim, M.; Iles, G.; Ilic, N.; Iliescu, A. M.; Illingworth, R.; Ingratta, G.; Ioannisian, A.; Irwin, B.; Isenhower, L.; Oliveira, M. Ismerio; Itay, R.; Jackson, C. M.; Jain, V.; James, E.; Jang, W.; Jargowsky, B.; Jena, D.; Jentz, I.; Ji, X.; Jiang, C.; Jiang, J.; Jiang, L.; Jipa, A.; Joaquim, F. R.; Johnson, W.; Jollet, C.; Jones, B.; Jones, R.; Fernández, D. José; Jovancevic, N.; Judah, M.; Jung, C. K.; Junk, T.; Jwa, Y.; Kabirnezhad, M.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kadenko, I.; Kakorin, I.; Kalitkina, A.; Kalra, D.; Kandemir, M.; Kaplan, D. M.; Karagiorgi, G.; Karaman, G.; Karcher, A.; Karyotakis, Y.; Kasai, S.; Kasetti, S. P.; Kashur, L.; Katsioulas, I.; Kauther, A.; Kazaryan, N.; Ke, L.; Kearns, E.; Keener, P. T.; Kelly, K. J.; Kemp, E.; Kemularia, O.; Kermaidic, Y.; Ketchum, W.; Kettell, S. H.; Khabibullin, M.; Khan, N.; Khvedelidze, A.; Kim, D.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; King, B.; Kirby, B.; Kirby, M.; Kish, A.; Klein, J.; Kleykamp, J.; Klustova, A.; Kobilarcik, T.; Koch, L.; Koehler, K.; Koerner, L. W.; Koh, D. H.; Kolupaeva, L.; Korablev, D.; Kordosky, M.; Kosc, T.; Kose, U.; Kostelecký, V. A.; Kothekar, K.; Kotler, I.; Kovalcuk, M.; Kozhukalov, V.; Krah, W.; Kralik, R.; Kramer, M.; Kreczko, L.; Krennrich, F.; Kreslo, I.; Kroupova, T.; Kubota, S.; Kubu, M.; Kudenko, Y.; Kudryavtsev, V. A.; Kufatty, G.; Kuhlmann, S.; Kumar, J.; Kumar, P.; Kumaran, S.; Kunze, P.; Kunzmann, J.; Kuravi, R.; Kurita, N.; Kuruppu, C.; Kus, V.; Kutter, T.; Kvasnicka, J.; Labree, T.; Lackey, T.; Lambert, A.; Land, B. J.; Lane, C. E.; Lane, N.; Lang, K.; Langford, T.; Langstaff, M.; Lanni, F.; Lantwin, O.; Larkin, J.; Lasorak, P.; Last, D.; Laudrain, A.; Laundrie, A.; Laurenti, G.; Lavaut, E.; Lawrence, A.; Laycock, P.; Lazanu, I.; Lazzaroni, M.; Le, T.; Leardini, S.; Learned, J.; LeCompte, T.; Lee, C.; Legin, V.; Miotto, G. Lehmann; Lehnert, R.; de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui; Leitner, M.; Silverio, D. Leon; Lepin, L. M.; Li, J.-Y.; Li, S. W.; Li, Y.; Liao, H.; Lin, C. S.; Lindebaum, D.; Linden, S.; Lineros, R. A.; Ling, J.; Lister, A.; Littlejohn, B. R.; Liu, H.; Liu, J.; Liu, Y.; Lockwitz, S.; Lokajicek, M.; Lomidze, I.; Long, K.; Lopes, T. V.; Lopez, J.; de Rego, I. López; López-March, N.; Lord, T.; LoSecco, J. M.; Louis, W. C.; Sanchez, A. Lozano; Lu, X.-G.; Luk, K. B.; Lunday, B.; Luo, X.; Luppi, E.; Maalmi, J.; MacFarlane, D.; Machado, A. A.; Machado, P.; Macias, C. T.; Macier, J. R.; MacMahon, M.; Maddalena, A.; Madera, A.; Madigan, P.; Magill, S.; Magueur, C.; Mahn, K.; Maio, A.; Major, A.; Majumdar, K.; Man, M.; Mandujano, R. C.; Maneira, J.; Manly, S.; Mann, A.; Manolopoulos, K.; Plata, M. Manrique; Corchado, S. Manthey; Manyam, V. N.; Marchan, M.; Marchionni, A.; Marciano, W.; Marfatia, D.; Mariani, C.; Maricic, J.; Marinho, F.; Marino, A. D.; Markiewicz, T.; Das Chagas Marques, F.; Marquet, C.; Marsden, D.; Marshak, M.; Marshall, C. M.; Marshall, J.; Martina, L.; Martín-Albo, J.; Martinez, N.; Caicedo, D. A. Martinez; López, F. Martínez; Miravé, P. Martínez; Martynenko, S.; Mascagna, V.; Massari, C.; Mastbaum, A.; Matichard, F.; Matsuno, S.; Matteucci, G.; Matthews, J.; Mauger, C.; Mauri, N.; Mavrokoridis, K.; Mawby, I.; Mazza, R.; Mazzacane, A.; McAskill, T.; McConkey, N.; McFarland, K. S.; McGrew, C.; McNab, A.; Meazza, L.; Meddage, V. C. N.; Mehta, B.; Mehta, P.; Melas, P.; Mena, O.; Mendez, H.; Mendez, P.; Méndez, D. P.; Menegolli, A.; Meng, G.; Mercuri, A. C. E. A.; Meregaglia, A.; Messier, M. D.; Metallo, S.; Metcalf, J.; Metcalf, W.; Mewes, M.; Meyer, H.; Miao, T.; Miccoli, A.; Michna, G.; Mikola, V.; Milincic, R.; Miller, F.; Miller, G.; Miller, W.; Mineev, O.; Minotti, A.; Miralles, L.; Miranda, O. G.; Mironov, C.; Miryala, S.; Miscetti, S.; Mishra, C. S.; Mishra, S. R.; Mislivec, A.; Mitchell, M.; Mladenov, D.; Mocioiu, I.; Mogan, A.; Moggi, N.; Mohanta, R.; Mohayai, T. A.; Mokhov, N.; Molina, J.; Bueno, L. Molina; Montagna, E.; Montanari, A.; Montanari, C.; Montanari, D.; Montanino, D.; Zetina, L. M. Montaño; Mooney, M.; Moor, A. F.; Moore, Z.; Moreno, D.; Moreno-Palacios, O.; Morescalchi, L.; Moretti, D.; Moretti, R.; Morris, C.; Mossey, C.; Mote, M.; Moura, C. A.; Mouster, G.; Mu, W.; Mualem, L.; Mueller, J.; Muether, M.; Muheim, F.; Muir, A.; Mulhearn, M.; Munford, D.; Munteanu, L. J.; Muramatsu, H.; Muraz, J.; Murphy, M.; Murphy, T.; Muse, J.; Mytilinaki, A.; Nachtman, J.; Nagai, Y.; Nagu, S.; Nandakumar, R.; Naples, D.; Narita, S.; Nath, A.; Navrer-Agasson, A.; Nayak, N.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Nehm, A.; Nelson, J. K.; Neogi, O.; Nesbit, J.; Nessi, M.; Newbold, D.; Newcomer, M.; Nichol, R.; Nicolas-Arnaldos, F.; Nikolica, A.; Nikolov, J.; Niner, E.; Nishimura, K.; Norman, A.; Norrick, A.; Novella, P.; Nowak, J. A.; Oberling, M.; Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P.; Oh, S.; Oh, S. B.; Olivier, A.; Olshevskiy, A.; Olson, T.; Onel, Y.; Onishchuk, Y.; Oranday, A.; Osbiston, M.; Vélez, J. A. Osorio; Ormachea, L. Otiniano; Ott, J.; Pagani, L.; Palacio, G.; Palamara, O.; Palestini, S.; Paley, J. M.; Pallavicini, M.; Palomares, C.; Pan, S.; Panda, P.; Vazquez, W. Panduro; Pantic, E.; Paolone, V.; Papadimitriou, V.; Papaleo, R.; Papanestis, A.; Papoulias, D.; Paramesvaran, S.; Paris, A.; Parke, S.; Parozzi, E.; Parsa, S.; Parsa, Z.; Parveen, S.; Parvu, M.; Pasciuto, D.; Pascoli, S.; Pasqualini, L.; Pasternak, J.; Patrick, C.; Patrizii, L.; Patterson, R. B.; Patzak, T.; Paudel, A.; Paulucci, L.; Pavlovic, Z.; Pawloski, G.; Payne, D.; Pec, V.; Pedreschi, E.; Peeters, S. J. M.; Pellico, W.; Perez, A. Pena; Pennacchio, E.; Penzo, A.; Peres, O. L. G.; Gonzalez, Y. F. Perez; Pérez-Molina, L.; Pernas, C.; Perry, J.; Pershey, D.; Pessina, G.; Petrillo, G.; Petta, C.; Petti, R.; Pfaff, M.; Pia, V.; Pickering, L.; Pietropaolo, F.; Pimentel, V. L.; Pinaroli, G.; Pinchault, J.; Pitts, K.; Plows, K.; Plunkett, R.; Pollack, C.; Pollman, T.; Polo-Toledo, D.; Pompa, F.; Pons, X.; Poonthottathil, N.; Popov, V.; Poppi, F.; Porter, J.; Potekhin, M.; Potenza, R.; Pozimski, J.; Pozzato, M.; Prakash, T.; Pratt, C.; Prest, M.; Psihas, F.; Pugnere, D.; Qian, X.; Raaf, J. L.; Radeka, V.; Rademacker, J.; Radics, B.; Rafique, A.; Raguzin, E.; Rai, M.; Rajagopalan, S.; Rajaoalisoa, M.; Rakhno, I.; Rakotondravohitra, L.; Ralte, L.; Delgado, M. A. Ramirez; Ramson, B.; Rappoldi, A.; Raselli, G.; Ratoff, P.; Ray, R.; Razafinime, H.; Rea, E. M.; Real, J. S.; Rebel, B.; Rechenmacher, R.; Reggiani-Guzzo, M.; Reichenbacher, J.; Reitzner, S. D.; Sfar, H. Rejeb; Renner, E.; Renshaw, A.; Rescia, S.; Resnati, F.; Restrepo, D.; Reynolds, C.; Ribas, M.; Riboldi, S.; Riccio, C.; Riccobene, G.; Ricol, J. S.; Rigan, M.; Rincón, E. V.; Ritchie-Yates, A.; Ritter, S.; Rivera, D.; Rivera, R.; Robert, A.; Rocha, J. L. Rocabado; Rochester, L.; Roda, M.; Rodrigues, P.; Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez; Rondon, J. Rodriguez; Rosauro-Alcaraz, S.; Rosier, P.; Ross, D.; Rossella, M.; Rossi, M.; Ross-Lonergan, M.; Roy, N.; Roy, P.; Rubbia, C.; Ruggeri, A.; Ferreira, G. Ruiz; Russell, B.; Ruterbories, D.; Rybnikov, A.; Saa-Hernandez, A.; Saakyan, R.; Sacerdoti, S.; Sahoo, S. K.; Sahu, N.; Sala, P.; Samios, N.; Samoylov, O.; Sanchez, M. C.; Bravo, A. Sánchez; Sanchez-Lucas, P.; Sandberg, V.; Sanders, D. A.; Sanfilippo, S.; Sankey, D.; Santoro, D.; Saoulidou, N.; Sapienza, P.; Sarasty, C.; Sarcevic, I.; Sarra, I.; Savage, G.; Savinov, V.; Scanavini, G.; Scaramelli, A.; Scarff, A.; Schefke, T.; Schellman, H.; Schifano, S.; Schlabach, P.; Schmitz, D.; Schneider, A. W.; Scholberg, K.; Schukraft, A.; Schuld, B.; Segade, A.; Segreto, E.; Selyunin, A.; Senise, C. R.; Sensenig, J.; Shaevitz, M. H.; Shanahan, P.; Sharma, P.; Kumar, R.; Shaw, K.; Shaw, T.; Shchablo, K.; Shen, J.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C.; Sheshukov, A.; Shi, W.; Shin, S.; Shivakoti, S.; Shoemaker, I.; Shooltz, D.; Shrock, R.; Siddi, B.; Siden, M.; Silber, J.; Simard, L.; Sinclair, J.; Sinev, G.; Singh, Jaydip; Singh, J.; Singh, L.; Singh, P.; Singh, V.; Chauhan, S. Singh; Sipos, R.; Sironneau, C.; Sirri, G.; Siyeon, K.; Skarpaas, K.; Smedley, J.; Smith, E.; Smith, J.; Smith, P.; Smolik, J.; Smy, M.; Snape, M.; Snider, E. L.; Snopok, P.; Snowden-Ifft, D.; Nunes, M. Soares; Sobel, H.; Soderberg, M.; Sokolov, S.; Salinas, C. J. Solano; Söldner-Rembold, S.; Soleti, S. R.; Solomey, N.; Solovov, V.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorel, M.; Sotnikov, A.; Soto-Oton, J.; Sousa, A.; Soustruznik, K.; Spinella, F.; Spitz, J.; Spooner, N. J. C.; Spurgeon, K.; Stalder, D.; Stancari, M.; Stanco, L.; Steenis, J.; Stein, R.; Steiner, H. M.; Lisbôa, A. F. Steklain; Stepanova, A.; Stewart, J.; Stillwell, B.; Stock, J.; Stocker, F.; Stokes, T.; Strait, M.; Strauss, T.; Strigari, L.; Stuart, A.; Suarez, J. G.; Subash, J.; Surdo, A.; Suter, L.; Sutera, C. M.; Sutton, K.; Suvorov, Y.; Svoboda, R.; Swain, S. K.; Szczerbinska, B.; Szelc, A. M.; Sztuc, A.; Taffara, A.; Talukdar, N.; Tamara, J.; Tanaka, H. A.; Tang, S.; Taniuchi, N.; Casanova, A. M. Tapia; Oregui, B. Tapia; Tapper, A.; Tariq, S.; Tarpara, E.; Tatar, E.; Tayloe, R.; Tedeschi, D.; Teklu, A. M.; Vidal, J. Tena; Tennessen, P.; Tenti, M.; Terao, K.; Terranova, F.; Testera, G.; Thakore, T.; Thea, A.; Thiebault, A.; Thomas, S.; Thompson, A.; Thorn, C.; Timm, S. C.; Tiras, E.; Tishchenko, V.; Todorović, N.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonazzo, A.; Torbunov, D.; Torti, M.; Tortola, M.; Tortorici, F.; Tosi, N.; Totani, D.; Toups, M.; Touramanis, C.; Tran, D.; Travaglini, R.; Trevor, J.; Triller, E.; Trilov, S.; Truchon, J.; Truncali, D.; Trzaska, W. H.; Tsai, Y.; Tsai, Y.-T.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Tsang, K. V.; Tsverava, N.; Tu, S. Z.; Tufanli, S.; Tunnell, C.; Turner, J.; Tuzi, M.; Tyler, J.; Tyley, E.; Tzanov, M.; Uchida, M. A.; González, J. Ureña; Urheim, J.; Usher, T.; Utaegbulam, H.; Uzunyan, S.; Vagins, M. R.; Vahle, P.; Valder, S.; Valdiviesso, G. A.; Valencia, E.; Valentim, R.; Vallari, Z.; Vallazza, E.; Valle, J. W. F.; Van Berg, R.; Van de Water, R. G.; Forero, D. V.; Vannozzi, A.; Van Nuland-Troost, M.; Varanini, F.; Oliva, D. Vargas; Vasina, S.; Vaughan, N.; Vaziri, K.; Vázquez-Ramos, A.; Vega, J.; Ventura, S.; Verdugo, A.; Vergani, S.; Verzocchi, M.; Vetter, K.; Vicenzi, M.; de Souza, H. Vieira; Vignoli, C.; Vilela, C.; Villa, E.; Viola, S.; Viren, B.; Vizcaya-Hernandez, A.; Vrba, T.; Vuong, Q.; Waldron, A. V.; Wallbank, M.; Walsh, J.; Walton, T.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, L.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Warburton, K.; Warner, D.; Warsame, L.; Wascko, M. O.; Waters, D.; Watson, A.; Wawrowska, K.; Weber, A.; Weber, C. M.; Weber, M.; Wei, H.; Weinstein, A.; Wenzel, H.; Westerdale, S.; Wetstein, M.; Whalen, K.; Whilhelmi, J.; White, A.; Whitehead, L. H.; Whittington, D.; Wilking, M. J.; Wilkinson, A.; Wilkinson, C.; Wilson, F.; Wilson, R. J.; Winter, P.; Wisniewski, W.; Wolcott, J.; Wolfs, J.; Wongjirad, T.; Wood, A.; Wood, K.; Worcester, E.; Worcester, M.; Wospakrik, M.; Wresilo, K.; Wret, C.; Wu, S.; Wu, W.; Wurm, M.; Wyenberg, J.; Xiao, Y.; Xiotidis, I.; Yaeggy, B.; Yahlali, N.; Yandel, E.; Yang, K.; Yang, T.; Yankelevich, A.; Yershov, N.; Yonehara, K.; Young, T.; Yu, B.; Yu, H.; Yu, J.; Yu, Y.; Yuan, W.; Zaki, R.; Zalesak, J.; Zambelli, L.; Zamorano, B.; Zani, A.; Zapata, O.; Zazueta, L.; Zeller, G. P.; Zennamo, J.; Zeug, K.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, M.; Zhivun, E.; Zimmerman, E. D.; Zucchelli, S.; Zuklin, J.; Zutshi, V.; Zwaska, R.; on behalf of the DUNE Collaboration
The Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements and provide comparisons to detector simulations.
Refining HPCToolkit for application performance analysis at exascale
(Sage, 2024) Adhianto, Laksono; Anderson, Jonathon; Barnett, Robert Matthew; Grbic, Dragana; Indic, Vladimir; Krentel, Mark; Liu, Yumeng; Milaković, Srđan; Phan, Wileam; Mellor-Crummey, John
As part of the US Department of Energy’s Exascale Computing Project (ECP), Rice University has been refining its HPCToolkit performance tools to better support measurement and analysis of applications executing on exascale supercomputers. To efficiently collect performance measurements of GPU-accelerated applications, HPCToolkit employs novel non-blocking data structures to communicate performance measurements between tool threads and application threads. To attribute performance information in detail to source lines, loop nests, and inlined call chains, HPCToolkit performs parallel analysis of large CPU and GPU binaries involved in the execution of an exascale application to rapidly recover mappings between machine instructions and source code. To analyze terabytes of performance measurements gathered during executions at exascale, HPCToolkit employs distributed-memory parallelism, multithreading, sparse data structures, and out-of-core streaming analysis algorithms. To support interactive exploration of profiles up to terabytes in size, HPCToolkit’s hpcviewer graphical user interface uses out-of-core methods to visualize performance data. The result of these efforts is that HPCToolkit now supports collection, analysis, and presentation of profiles and traces of GPU-accelerated applications at exascale. These improvements have enabled HPCToolkit to efficiently measure, analyze and explore terabytes of performance data for executions using as many as 64K MPI ranks and 64K GPU tiles on ORNL’s Frontier supercomputer. HPCToolkit’s support for measurement and analysis of GPU-accelerated applications has been employed to study a collection of open-science applications developed as part of ECP. This paper reports on these experiences, which provided insight into opportunities for tuning applications, strengths and weaknesses of HPCToolkit itself, as well as unexpected behaviors in executions at exascale.
The ‘inherent vulnerability’ of women on the move: A gendered analysis of Morocco’s migration reform
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Norman, Kelsey P; Reiling, Carrie; Baker Institute for Public Policy
Beginning in the 1990s, Morocco increasingly became a de facto host country for sub-Saharan migrants and asylum seekers originally intending to reach Europe. While the government’s treatment toward these groups was characterized by informality and violence throughout the early 2000s, Morocco embarked on a reform process in 2013 that included a regularization process for irregular migrants. During the regularization process, the Moroccan government automatically granted all women applicants residency status due to their presumed ‘vulnerability’. This paper asks: What are the implications of assuming that women are ‘inherently vulnerable’? Drawing on in-person interviews and an analysis of policy documents, this article adds to the gendered migration and refugee literature by demonstrating that supposedly humanitarian policies toward women can also victimize them, stereotype male migrants and refugees as threatening, and strengthen the patriarchal role of the state and its ability to carry out violence in the name of protection.
Photopatterning of conductive hydrogels which exhibit tissue-like properties
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Sifringer, Léo; Windt, Lina De; Bernhard, Stéphane; Amos, Giulia; Clément, Blandine; Duru, Jens; Tibbitt, Mark W.; Tringides, Christina M.
Hydrogels are three-dimensional, highly tunable material systems that can match the properties of extracellular matrices. In addition to being widely used to grow and modulate cell behavior, hydrogels can be made conductive to further modulate electrically active cells, such as neurons, and even incorporated into multielectrode arrays to interface with tissues. To enable conductive hydrogels, graphene flakes can be mechanically suspended into a hydrogel precursor. The conductivity of the hydrogel can be increased by increasing the weight percentage of graphene flakes in the precursor while maintaining the mechanical properties of the formed gel similar to the properties of neural tissue. By using a photocrosslinkable hydrogel matrix, such as gelatin methacrylate, with a photoabsorber, the conductive precursor solutions can be crosslinked into predefined complex patterns. Finally, the formulations can be used to support the growth of sensory neurons, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, for more than 7 weeks while the neurons remain viable. These scaffolds can be patterned into components of multielectrode arrays, to enable ultrasoft electrodes with tissue-matched properties for further interactions, both in vitro and in vivo, with the nervous systems.
Rhenium Isotopes Record Oxidative Weathering Intensity in Sedimentary Rocks
(Wiley, 2024) Dickson, A. J.; Hilton, R. G.; Prytulak, J.; Minisini, D.; Eldrett, J. S.; Dellinger, M.; Stow, M.; Wang, W.
Oxidative weathering of organic carbon in sedimentary rocks is a major source of CO2 to the atmosphere over geological timescales, but the size of this emission pathway in Earth's past has not been directly quantified due to a lack of available proxy approaches. We have measured the rhenium isotope composition of organic-rich rocks sampled from unweathered drill cores and weathered outcrops in south Texas, whose stratigraphic successions can be tightly correlated. Oxidative weathering of more than 90% of the organic carbon and ∼85% of the rhenium is accompanied by a shift to lower rhenium isotope compositions in the weathered outcrops. The calculated isotope composition of rhenium weathered from the initial bedrock for individual samples varies systematically by ∼0.7‰ with different fractions of rhenium loss. This variation can be empirically modeled with isotope fractionation factors of α = 1.0002–1.0008. Our results indicate that the isotope composition of rhenium delivered to the oceans can be altered by weathering intensity of rock organic matter and that the rhenium isotope composition of seawater is sensitive to past oxidative weathering and associated CO2 emissions.
Why have we not detected gender differences in organizational justice perceptions⁈ An evidenced-based argument for increasing inclusivity within justice research
(Wiley, 2024) Strah, Nicole; Rupp, Deborah E.; Shao, Ruodan; King, Eden; Skarlicki, Daniel
While research from various disciplines shows that women continue to disproportionately face workplace injustices compared to men, OB research has not found meaningful gender differences in self-reported workplace justice perceptions. This paradox has received little attention in the otherwise well-established organizational justice literature. We applied an abductive approach to investigate this paradox by a) confirming its existence, and b) proposing and empirically evaluating seven possible explanations for its existence, using multiple methods and seven distinct datasets. We found that this paradox is unlikely to be explained by measurement invariance, different expectations for treatment, whether the context is male-dominated, differences across years, or differences in how justice perceptions are formed. We did find, however, that when using alternate measurement approaches, women recalled gender-based injustice experiences, reported them as having occurred more frequently than did men, and reported them as having been negatively impactful on their lives/careers. We conclude that the most promising explanation for this paradox is that extant organizational justice measures are deficient for the purpose of capturing variance accountable to gender-based injustice. This highlights the need for more inclusive approaches for the measurement and application of organizational justice, especially when studying the relationship between gender and organizational justice.
Phase Transformation Driven by Oxygen Vacancy Redistribution as the Mechanism of Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Fatigue
(Wiley, 2024) Zhang, Zimeng; Craig, Isaac; Zhou, Tao; Holt, Martin; Flores, Raul; Sheridan, Evan; Inzani, Katherine; Huang, Xiaoxi; Nag, Joyeeta; Prasad, Bhagwati; Griffin, Sinéad M.; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy
As a promising candidate for nonvolatile memory devices, the hafnia-based ferroelectric system has recently been a hot research topic. Although significant progress has been made over the past decade, the endurance problem is still an obstacle to its final application. In perovskite-based ferroelectrics, such as the well-studied Pb[ZrxTi1−x]O3 (PZT) family, polarization fatigue has been discussed within the framework of the interaction of charged defects (such as oxygen vacancies) with the moving domains during the switching process, particularly at the electrode-ferroelectric interface. Armed with this background, a hypothesis is set out to test that a similar mechanism can be in play with the hafnia-based ferroelectrics. The conducting perovskite La-Sr-Mn-O is used as the contact electrode to create La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 / Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO)/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 capacitor structures deposited on SrTiO3-Si substrates. Nanoscale X-ray diffraction is performed on single capacitors, and a structural phase transition from polar o-phase toward non-polar m-phase is demonstrated during the bipolar switching process. The energy landscape of multiphase HZO has been calculated at varying oxygen vacancy concentrations. Based on both theoretical and experimental results, it is found that a polar to non-polar phase transformation caused by oxygen vacancy redistribution during electric cycling is a likely explanation for fatigue in HZO.
Rotational complexity increases cropping system output under poorer growing conditions
(Elsevier, 2024) Bybee-Finley, K. Ann; Muller, Katherine; White, Kathryn E.; Cavigelli, Michel A.; Han, Eunjin; Schomberg, Harry H.; Snapp, Sieglinde; Viens, Frederi; Correndo, Adrian A.; Deiss, Leonardo; Fonteyne, Simon; Garcia y Garcia, Axel; Gaudin, Amélie C. M.; Hooker, David C.; Janovicek, Ken; Jin, Virginia; Johnson, Gregg; Karsten, Heather; Liebman, Matt; McDaniel, Marshall D.; Sanford, Gregg; Schmer, Marty R.; Strock, Jeffrey; Sykes, Virginia R.; Verhulst, Nele; Wilke, Brook; Bowles, Timothy M.
Growing multiple crops in rotation can increase the sustainability of agricultural systems and reduce risks from increasingly adverse weather. However, widespread adoption of diverse rotations is limited by economic uncertainty, lack of incentives, and limited information about long-term outcomes. Here, we combined 36,000 yield observations from 20 North American long-term cropping experiments (434 site-years) to assess how greater crop diversity impacts productivity of complete rotations and their component crops under varying growing conditions. Maize and soybean output increased as the number of species and rotation length increased, while results for complete rotations varied by site depending on which crops were present. Diverse rotations reduced rotation-level output at eight sites due to the addition of lower-output crops such as small grains, illustrating trade-offs. Diverse rotations positively impacted rotation-level output under poor growing conditions, which illustrates how diverse cropping systems can reduce the risk of crop loss in a changing climate.
Optical Control of Adaptive Nanoscale Domain Networks
(Wiley, 2024) Zajac, Marc; Zhou, Tao; Yang, Tiannan; Das, Sujit; Cao, Yue; Guzelturk, Burak; Stoica, Vladimir; Cherukara, Mathew J.; Freeland, John W.; Gopalan, Venkatraman; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy; Martin, Lane W.; Chen, Long-Qing; Holt, Martin V.; Hruszkewycz, Stephan O.; Wen, Haidan; Rice Advanced Materials Institute
Adaptive networks can sense and adjust to dynamic environments to optimize their performance. Understanding their nanoscale responses to external stimuli is essential for applications in nanodevices and neuromorphic computing. However, it is challenging to image such responses on the nanoscale with crystallographic sensitivity. Here, the evolution of nanodomain networks in (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n superlattices (SLs) is directly visualized in real space as the system adapts to ultrafast repetitive optical excitations that emulate controlled neural inputs. The adaptive response allows the system to explore a wealth of metastable states that are previously inaccessible. Their reconfiguration and competition are quantitatively measured by scanning x-ray nanodiffraction as a function of the number of applied pulses, in which crystallographic characteristics are quantitatively assessed by assorted diffraction patterns using unsupervised machine-learning methods. The corresponding domain boundaries and their connectivity are drastically altered by light, holding promise for light-programable nanocircuits in analogy to neuroplasticity. Phase-field simulations elucidate that the reconfiguration of the domain networks is a result of the interplay between photocarriers and transient lattice temperature. The demonstrated optical control scheme and the uncovered nanoscopic insights open opportunities for the remote control of adaptive nanoscale domain networks.

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