PFAS occurrence and distribution in yard waste compost indicate potential volatile loss, downward migration, and transformation

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dc.citation.firstpage657en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber4en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleEnvironmental Science: Processes & Impactsen_US
dc.citation.lastpage666en_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber26en_US
dc.contributor.authorSaha, Birajen_US
dc.contributor.authorAteia, Mohameden_US
dc.contributor.authorFernando, Sujanen_US
dc.contributor.authorXu, Jialeen_US
dc.contributor.authorDeSutter, Thomasen_US
dc.contributor.authorIskander, Syeed Mden_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-29T21:11:48Zen_US
dc.date.available2024-08-29T21:11:48Zen_US
dc.date.issued2024en_US
dc.description.abstractWe discovered high concentrations of PFAS (18.53 ± 1.5 μg kg−1) in yard waste compost, a compost type widely acceptable to the public. Seventeen out of forty targeted PFAS, belonging to six PFAS classes were detected in yard waste compost, with PFCAs (13.51 ± 0.99 μg kg−1) and PFSAs (4.13 ± 0.19 μg kg−1) being the dominant classes, comprising approximately 72.5% and 22.1% of the total measured PFAS. Both short-chain PFAS, such as PFBA, PFHxA, and PFBS, and long-chain PFAS, such as PFOA and PFOS, were prevalent in all the tested yard waste compost samples. We also discovered the co-occurrence of PFAS with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. Total PFAS concentrations in LDPE and PET separated from incoming yard waste were 7.41 ± 0.41 μg kg−1 and 1.35 ± 0.1 μg kg−1, which increased to 8.66 ± 0.81 μg kg−1 in LDPE and 5.44 ± 0.56 μg kg−1 in PET separated from compost. An idle mature compost pile revealed a clear vertical distribution of PFAS, with the total PFAS concentrations at the surface level approximately 58.9–63.2% lower than the 2 ft level. This difference might be attributed to the volatile loss of short-chain PFCAs, PFAS's downward movement with moisture, and aerobic transformations of precursor PFAS at the surface.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSaha, B., Ateia, M., Fernando, S., Xu, J., DeSutter, T., & Md Iskander, S. (2024). PFAS occurrence and distribution in yard waste compost indicate potential volatile loss, downward migration, and transformation. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 26(4), 657–666. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00538Ken_US
dc.identifier.digitald3em00538ken_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00538Ken_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/117731en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherRoyal Society of Chemistryen_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/en_US
dc.titlePFAS occurrence and distribution in yard waste compost indicate potential volatile loss, downward migration, and transformationen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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