PDRs4All - VIII. Mid-infrared emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

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dc.citation.articleNumberA86en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleAstronomy & Astrophysicsen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber687en_US
dc.contributor.authorPutte, Dries Van Deen_US
dc.contributor.authorMeshaka, Raphaelen_US
dc.contributor.authorTrahin, Borisen_US
dc.contributor.authorHabart, Emilieen_US
dc.contributor.authorPeeters, Elsen_US
dc.contributor.authorBerné, Olivieren_US
dc.contributor.authorAlarcón, Felipeen_US
dc.contributor.authorCanin, Amélieen_US
dc.contributor.authorChown, Ryanen_US
dc.contributor.authorSchroetter, Ilaneen_US
dc.contributor.authorSidhu, Ameeken_US
dc.contributor.authorBoersma, Christiaanen_US
dc.contributor.authorBron, Emericen_US
dc.contributor.authorDartois, Emmanuelen_US
dc.contributor.authorGoicoechea, Javier R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGordon, Karl D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOnaka, Takashien_US
dc.contributor.authorTielens, Alexander G. G. M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorVerstraete, Laurenten_US
dc.contributor.authorWolfire, Mark G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAbergel, Alainen_US
dc.contributor.authorBergin, Edwin A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBernard-Salas, Jeronimoen_US
dc.contributor.authorCami, Janen_US
dc.contributor.authorCuadrado, Saraen_US
dc.contributor.authorDicken, Danielen_US
dc.contributor.authorElyajouri, Meriemen_US
dc.contributor.authorFuente, Asunciónen_US
dc.contributor.authorJoblin, Christineen_US
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Bariaen_US
dc.contributor.authorLacinbala, Ozanen_US
dc.contributor.authorLanguignon, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.authorGal, Romane Leen_US
dc.contributor.authorMaragkoudakis, Alexandrosen_US
dc.contributor.authorOkada, Yokoen_US
dc.contributor.authorPasquini, Sofiaen_US
dc.contributor.authorPound, Marc W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRobberto, Massimoen_US
dc.contributor.authorRöllig, Markusen_US
dc.contributor.authorSchefter, Bethanyen_US
dc.contributor.authorSchirmer, Thiébauten_US
dc.contributor.authorTabone, Benoiten_US
dc.contributor.authorVicente, Sílviaen_US
dc.contributor.authorZannese, Marionen_US
dc.contributor.authorColgan, Sean W. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHe, Jinhuaen_US
dc.contributor.authorRouillé, Gaëlen_US
dc.contributor.authorTogi, Adityaen_US
dc.contributor.authorAleman, Isabelen_US
dc.contributor.authorAuchettl, Rebeccaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBaratta, Giuseppe Antonioen_US
dc.contributor.authorBejaoui, Salmaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBera, Partha P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBlack, John H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBoulanger, Francoisen_US
dc.contributor.authorBouwman, Jordyen_US
dc.contributor.authorBrandl, Bernharden_US
dc.contributor.authorBrechignac, Philippeen_US
dc.contributor.authorBrünken, Sandraen_US
dc.contributor.authorBuragohain, Mridusmitaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBurkhardt, Andrewen_US
dc.contributor.authorCandian, Alessandraen_US
dc.contributor.authorCazaux, Stéphanieen_US
dc.contributor.authorCernicharo, Joseen_US
dc.contributor.authorChabot, Marinen_US
dc.contributor.authorChakraborty, Shubhadipen_US
dc.contributor.authorChampion, Jasonen_US
dc.contributor.authorCooke, Ilsa R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCoutens, Audreyen_US
dc.contributor.authorCox, Nick L. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDemyk, Karineen_US
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Jennifer Donovanen_US
dc.contributor.authorFoschino, Sachaen_US
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Lario, Pedroen_US
dc.contributor.authorGerin, Maryvonneen_US
dc.contributor.authorGottlieb, Carl A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGuillard, Pierreen_US
dc.contributor.authorGusdorf, Antoineen_US
dc.contributor.authorHartigan, Patricken_US
dc.contributor.authorHerbst, Ericen_US
dc.contributor.authorHornekaer, Liven_US
dc.contributor.authorIssa, Linaen_US
dc.contributor.authorJäger, Corneliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorJanot-Pacheco, Eduardoen_US
dc.contributor.authorKannavou, Olgaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKaufman, Michaelen_US
dc.contributor.authorKemper, Franciscaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKendrew, Sarahen_US
dc.contributor.authorKirsanova, Maria S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKlaassen, Pamelaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKwok, Sunen_US
dc.contributor.authorLabiano, Álvaroen_US
dc.contributor.authorLai, Thomas S.-Y.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFloch, Bertrand Leen_US
dc.contributor.authorPetit, Franck Leen_US
dc.contributor.authorLi, Aigenen_US
dc.contributor.authorLinz, Hendriken_US
dc.contributor.authorMackie, Cameron J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMadden, Suzanne C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMascetti, Joëlleen_US
dc.contributor.authorMcGuire, Brett A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMerino, Pabloen_US
dc.contributor.authorMicelotta, Elisabetta R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMorse, Jon A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMulas, Giacomoen_US
dc.contributor.authorNeelamkodan, Naslimen_US
dc.contributor.authorOhsawa, Ryouen_US
dc.contributor.authorOmont, Alainen_US
dc.contributor.authorPaladini, Robertaen_US
dc.contributor.authorPalumbo, Maria Elisabettaen_US
dc.contributor.authorPathak, Amiten_US
dc.contributor.authorPendleton, Yvonne J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPetrignani, Annemiekeen_US
dc.contributor.authorPino, Thomasen_US
dc.contributor.authorPuga, Elenaen_US
dc.contributor.authorRangwala, Naseemen_US
dc.contributor.authorRapacioli, Mathiasen_US
dc.contributor.authorRho, Jeongheeen_US
dc.contributor.authorRicca, Alessandraen_US
dc.contributor.authorRoman-Duval, Juliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorRoser, Josephen_US
dc.contributor.authorRoueff, Evelyneen_US
dc.contributor.authorSalama, Fariden_US
dc.contributor.authorSales, Dinalva A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSandstrom, Karinen_US
dc.contributor.authorSarre, Peteren_US
dc.contributor.authorSciamma-O’Brien, Ellaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSellgren, Krisen_US
dc.contributor.authorShenoy, Sachindev S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTeyssier, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Richard D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWitt, Adolf N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWootten, Alwynen_US
dc.contributor.authorYsard, Nathalieen_US
dc.contributor.authorZettergren, Henningen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yongen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Ziwei E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZhen, Junfengen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-29T21:11:47Zen_US
dc.date.available2024-08-29T21:11:47Zen_US
dc.date.issued2024en_US
dc.description.abstractContext. Mid-infrared emission features are important probes of the properties of ionized gas and hot or warm molecular gas, which are difficult to probe at other wavelengths. The Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR) is a bright, nearby, and frequently studied target containing large amounts of gas under these conditions. Under the “PDRs4All” Early Release Science Program for JWST, a part of the Orion Bar was observed with MIRI integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy, and these high-sensitivity IR spectroscopic images of very high angular resolution (0.2″) provide a rich observational inventory of the mid-infrared (MIR) emission lines, while resolving the H II region, the ionization front, and multiple dissociation fronts. Aims. We list, identify, and measure the most prominent gas emission lines in the Orion Bar using the new MIRI IFU data. An initial analysis summarizes the physical conditions of the gas and demonstrates the potential of these new data and future IFU observations with JWST. Methods. The MIRI IFU mosaic spatially resolves the substructure of the PDR, its footprint cutting perpendicularly across the ionization front and three dissociation fronts. We performed an up-to-date data reduction, and extracted five spectra that represent the ionized, atomic, and molecular gas layers. We identified the observed lines through a comparison with theoretical line lists derived from atomic data and simulated PDR models. The identified species and transitions are summarized in the main table of this work, with measurements of the line intensities and central wavelengths. Results. We identified around 100 lines and report an additional 18 lines that remain unidentified. The majority consists of H I recombination lines arising from the ionized gas layer bordering the PDR. The H I line ratios are well matched by emissivity coefficients from H recombination theory, but deviate by up to 10% because of contamination by He I lines. We report the observed emission lines of various ionization stages of Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Fe, and Ni. We show how the Ne III/Ne II, S IV/S III, and Ar III/Ar II ratios trace the conditions in the ionized layer bordering the PDR, while Fe III/Fe II and Ni III/Ni II exhibit a different behavior, as there are significant contributions to Fe II and Ni II from the neutral PDR gas. We observe the pure-rotational H2 lines in the vibrational ground state from 0–0 S(1) to 0–0 S (8), and in the first vibrationally excited state from 1–1 S (5) to 1–1 S(9). We derive H2 excitation diagrams, and for the three observed dissociation fronts, the rotational excitation can be approximated with one thermal (~700 K) component representative of an average gas temperature, and one nonthermal component (~2700 K) probing the effect of UV pumping. We compare these results to an existing model of the Orion Bar PDR, and find that the predicted excitation matches the data qualitatively, while adjustments to the parameters of the PDR model are required to reproduce the intensity of the 0–0 S (6) to S (8) lines.en_US
dc.identifier.citationPutte, D. V. D., Meshaka, R., Trahin, B., Habart, E., Peeters, E., Berné, O., Alarcón, F., Canin, A., Chown, R., Schroetter, I., Sidhu, A., Boersma, C., Bron, E., Dartois, E., Goicoechea, J. R., Gordon, K. D., Onaka, T., Tielens, A. G. G. M., Verstraete, L., … Zhen, J. (2024). PDRs4All—VIII. Mid-infrared emission line inventory of the Orion Bar. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 687, A86. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449295en_US
dc.identifier.digitalaa49295-24en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449295en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/117728en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherEDP Sciencesen_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titlePDRs4All - VIII. Mid-infrared emission line inventory of the Orion Baren_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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