Cytotoxicity and variant cellular internalization behavior of water-soluble sulfonated nanographene sheets in liver cancer cells

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dc.citation.journalTitleNanoscale Research Letters
dc.citation.volumeNumber8
dc.contributor.authorCorr, Stuart J.
dc.contributor.authorRaoof, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorCisneros, Brandon T.
dc.contributor.authorKuznetsov, Oleksandr
dc.contributor.authorMassey, Katheryn
dc.contributor.authorKaluarachchi, Warna D.
dc.contributor.authorCheney, Matthew A.
dc.contributor.authorBillups, Edward W.
dc.contributor.authorWilson, Lon J.
dc.contributor.authorCurley, Steven A.
dc.contributor.orgRichard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-29T16:52:03Z
dc.date.available2016-01-29T16:52:03Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractHighly exfoliated sulfonated graphene sheets (SGSs), an alternative to graphene oxide and graphene derivatives, were synthesized, characterized, and applied to liver cancer cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity profiles were obtained using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, WST-1[2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, and lactate dehydrogenase release colorimetric assays. These particles were found to be non-toxic across the concentration range of 0.1 to 10 μg/ml. Internalization of SGSs was also studied by means of optical and electron microscopy. Although not conclusive, high-resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed variant internalization behaviors where some of the SGS became folded and compartmentalized into tight bundles within cellular organelles. The ability for liver cancer cells to internalize, fold, and compartmentalize graphene structures is a phenomenon not previously documented for graphene cell biology and should be further investigated.
dc.identifier.citationCorr, Stuart J., Raoof, Mustafa, Cisneros, Brandon T., et al.. "Cytotoxicity and variant cellular internalization behavior of water-soluble sulfonated nanographene sheets in liver cancer cells." <i>Nanoscale Research Letters,</i> 8, (2013) Springer: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-208.
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-208
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/88255
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
dc.subject.keywordcytotoxicity
dc.subject.keywordsulfonated graphene sheets
dc.subject.keywordcancer cells
dc.titleCytotoxicity and variant cellular internalization behavior of water-soluble sulfonated nanographene sheets in liver cancer cells
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.publicationpublisher version
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