Surface magnetization of Gd at the bulk Curie temperature
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Electron-capture spectroscopy is used to study the long-ranged surface ferromagnetic order of Gd in the neighborhood of the bulk Curie temperature TCbulk at which, unlike bulk ferromagnetic order, it does not vanish. The surface magnetization, together with its first temperature derivative, is found to be a continuous function of temperature at TCbulk and, as temperature is varied, the surface magnetization is found to depart linearly from the nonzero value it assumes at TCbulk, with critical exponents x+=1.00±0.03 (T>TCbulk) and x−=1.00 ±0.01 (T<TCbulk). These findings are discussed in the light of recent theoretical studies.
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Rau, C. and Robert, M.. "Surface magnetization of Gd at the bulk Curie temperature." Physical Review Letters, 58, no. 25 (1987) American Physical Society: 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2714.