Permanent magnet trap for cold atoms
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We report the trapping of neutral atoms in a permanent magnet trap. Approximately 1×10˄8 ground-state lithium atoms have been confined in a nonzero magnetic-field minimum produced by six permanent magnets in an Ioffe configuration. These atoms have a kinetic temperature of 1.1 mK and a peak density of approximately 3×10˄9 cm˄−3. The trapped-atom lifetime is 240 s, limited by collisions with background gas. This trap provides an environment in which quantum-statistical effects, atomic collisions, and other ultralow-temperature phenomena can be studied.
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Tollett, J.J., Bradley, C.C., Sackett, C.A., et al.. "Permanent magnet trap for cold atoms." Physical Review A, 51, no. 1 (1995) American Physical Society: R22-R25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.51.R22.