Nondestructive flash cathode recycling

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dc.citation.articleNumber6250en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleNature Communicationsen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber15en_US
dc.contributor.authorChen, Weiyinen_US
dc.contributor.authorCheng, Yien_US
dc.contributor.authorChen, Jinhangen_US
dc.contributor.authorBets, Ksenia V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSalvatierra, Rodrigo V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGe, Changen_US
dc.contributor.authorLi, John Tiancien_US
dc.contributor.authorLuong, Duy Xuanen_US
dc.contributor.authorKittrell, Carteren_US
dc.contributor.authorWang, Zichengen_US
dc.contributor.authorMcHugh, Emily A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGao, Guanhuien_US
dc.contributor.authorDeng, Bingen_US
dc.contributor.authorHan, Yimoen_US
dc.contributor.authorYakobson, Boris I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTour, James M.en_US
dc.contributor.orgApplied Physics Program;Smalley-Curl Institute;NanoCarbon Center;Rice Advanced Materials Instituteen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-22T15:28:50Zen_US
dc.date.available2024-08-22T15:28:50Zen_US
dc.date.issued2024en_US
dc.description.abstractEffective recycling of end-of-life Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential due to continuous accumulation of battery waste and gradual depletion of battery metal resources. The present closed-loop solutions include destructive conversion to metal compounds, by destroying the entire three-dimensional morphology of the cathode through continuous thermal treatment or harsh wet extraction methods, and direct regeneration by lithium replenishment. Here, we report a solvent- and water-free flash Joule heating (FJH) method combined with magnetic separation to restore fresh cathodes from waste cathodes, followed by solid-state relithiation. The entire process is called flash recycling. This FJH method exhibits the merits of milliseconds of duration and high battery metal recovery yields of ~98%. After FJH, the cathodes reveal intact core structures with hierarchical features, implying the feasibility of their reconstituting into new cathodes. Relithiated cathodes are further used in LIBs, and show good electrochemical performance, comparable to new commercial counterparts. Life-cycle-analysis highlights that flash recycling has higher environmental and economic benefits over traditional destructive recycling processes.en_US
dc.identifier.citationChen, W., Cheng, Y., Chen, J., Bets, K. V., Salvatierra, R. V., Ge, C., Li, J. T., Luong, D. X., Kittrell, C., Wang, Z., McHugh, E. A., Gao, G., Deng, B., Han, Y., Yakobson, B. I., & Tour, J. M. (2024). Nondestructive flash cathode recycling. Nature Communications, 15(1), 6250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50324-xen_US
dc.identifier.digitals41467-024-50324-xen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50324-xen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/117705en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleNondestructive flash cathode recyclingen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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