Neuroprotective Effects of Functionalized Hydrophilic Carbon Clusters: Targeted Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury in an Open Blast Rat Model

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dc.citation.articleNumber2832en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber12en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleBiomedicinesen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber12en_US
dc.contributor.authorPadmanabhan, Parasuramanen_US
dc.contributor.authorLu, Jiaen_US
dc.contributor.authorNg, Kian Chyeen_US
dc.contributor.authorSrinivasan, Dinesh Kumaren_US
dc.contributor.authorSundramurthy, Kumaren_US
dc.contributor.authorNilewski, Lizanne Greeren_US
dc.contributor.authorSikkema, William K. A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTour, James M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKent, Thomas A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGulyás, Balázsen_US
dc.contributor.authorCarlstedt-Duke, Janen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-09T20:17:00Zen_US
dc.date.available2025-01-09T20:17:00Zen_US
dc.date.issued2024en_US
dc.description.abstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes multiple cerebrovascular disruptions and oxidative stress. These pathological mechanisms are often accompanied by serious impairment of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and neuronal and glial degeneration. Background/Objectives: Multiple biochemical cascades are triggered by brain damage, resulting in reactive oxygen species production alongside blood loss and hypoxia. However, most currently available early antioxidant therapies lack capacity and hence sufficient efficacy against TBI. The aim of this study was to test a novel catalytic antioxidant nanoparticle to alleviate the damage occurring in blast TBI. Methods: TBI was elicited in an open blast rat model, in which the rats were exposed to the effects of an explosive blast. Key events of the post-traumatic chain in the brain parenchyma were studied using immunohistochemistry. The application of a newly developed biologically compatible catalytic superoxide dismutase mimetic carbon-based nanocluster, a poly-ethylene-glycol-functionalized hydrophilic carbon cluster (PEG-HCC), was tested post-blast to modulate the components of the TBI process. Results: The PEG-HCC was shown to significantly ameliorate neuronal loss in the brain cortex, the dentate gyrus, and hippocampus when administered shortly after the blast. There was also a significant increase in endothelial activity to repair blood–brain barrier damage as well as the modulation of microglial and astrocyte activity and an increase in inducible NO synthase in the cortex. Conclusions: We have demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively that the previously demonstrated antioxidant properties of PEG-HCCs have a neuroprotective effect after traumatic brain injury following an explosive blast, acting at multiple levels of the pathological chain of events elicited by TBI.en_US
dc.identifier.citationPadmanabhan, P., Lu, J., Ng, K. C., Srinivasan, D. K., Sundramurthy, K., Nilewski, L. G., Sikkema, W. K. A., Tour, J. M., Kent, T. A., Gulyás, B., & Carlstedt-Duke, J. (2024). Neuroprotective Effects of Functionalized Hydrophilic Carbon Clusters: Targeted Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury in an Open Blast Rat Model. Biomedicines, 12(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122832en_US
dc.identifier.digitalbiomedicines-12-02832en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122832en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/118121en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.subject.keywordtraumatic brain injury (TBI)en_US
dc.subject.keywordpoly-ethylene-glycol-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs)en_US
dc.subject.keywordbiologically compatible carbon-based nanoclustersen_US
dc.subject.keywordopen blast rat TBI modelen_US
dc.titleNeuroprotective Effects of Functionalized Hydrophilic Carbon Clusters: Targeted Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury in an Open Blast Rat Modelen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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