Tumor Budding: The Name is EMT. Partial EMT.

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dc.citation.articleNumber51en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber5en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleJournal of Clinical Medicineen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber5en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrigore, Alexandru Danen_US
dc.contributor.authorJolly, Mohit Kumaren_US
dc.contributor.authorJia, Dongyaen_US
dc.contributor.authorFarach-Carson, Mary C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLevine, Herberten_US
dc.contributor.orgCenter for Theoretical Biological Physicsen_US
dc.contributor.orgSystems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Programen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-06T16:48:22Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-06-06T16:48:22Zen_US
dc.date.issued2016en_US
dc.description.abstractTumor budding is a histological phenomenon encountered in various cancers, whereby individual malignant cells and/or small clusters of malignant cells are seen in the tumor stroma. Postulated to be mirror epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor budding has been associated with poor cancer outcomes. However, the vast heterogeneity in its exact definition, methodology of assessment, and patient stratification need to be resolved before it can be routinely used as a standardized prognostic feature. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity in defining and assessing tumor budding, its clinical significance across multiple cancer types, and its prospective implementation in clinical practice. Next, we review the emerging evidence about partial, rather than complete, epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype at the tumor bud level, and its connection with tumor proliferation, quiescence, and stemness. Finally, based on recent literature, indicating a co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in many tumor buds, we posit tumor budding to be a manifestation of this hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype displaying collective cell migration.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGrigore, Alexandru Dan, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Jia, Dongya, et al.. "Tumor Budding: The Name is EMT. Partial EMT.." <i>Journal of Clinical Medicine,</i> 5, no. 5 (2016) MDPI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm5050051.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm5050051en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/90447en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsThis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license.en_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.subject.keywordtumor buddingen_US
dc.subject.keywordepithelial-mesenchymal transitionen_US
dc.subject.keywordEMTen_US
dc.subject.keywordcanceren_US
dc.titleTumor Budding: The Name is EMT. Partial EMT.en_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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