Tumor Budding: The Name is EMT. Partial EMT.

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dc.citation.articleNumber51
dc.citation.issueNumber5
dc.citation.journalTitleJournal of Clinical Medicine
dc.citation.volumeNumber5
dc.contributor.authorGrigore, Alexandru Dan
dc.contributor.authorJolly, Mohit Kumar
dc.contributor.authorJia, Dongya
dc.contributor.authorFarach-Carson, Mary C.
dc.contributor.authorLevine, Herbert
dc.contributor.orgCenter for Theoretical Biological Physics
dc.contributor.orgSystems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-06T16:48:22Z
dc.date.available2016-06-06T16:48:22Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractTumor budding is a histological phenomenon encountered in various cancers, whereby individual malignant cells and/or small clusters of malignant cells are seen in the tumor stroma. Postulated to be mirror epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor budding has been associated with poor cancer outcomes. However, the vast heterogeneity in its exact definition, methodology of assessment, and patient stratification need to be resolved before it can be routinely used as a standardized prognostic feature. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity in defining and assessing tumor budding, its clinical significance across multiple cancer types, and its prospective implementation in clinical practice. Next, we review the emerging evidence about partial, rather than complete, epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype at the tumor bud level, and its connection with tumor proliferation, quiescence, and stemness. Finally, based on recent literature, indicating a co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in many tumor buds, we posit tumor budding to be a manifestation of this hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype displaying collective cell migration.
dc.identifier.citationGrigore, Alexandru Dan, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Jia, Dongya, et al.. "Tumor Budding: The Name is EMT. Partial EMT.." <i>Journal of Clinical Medicine,</i> 5, no. 5 (2016) MDPI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm5050051.
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm5050051
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/90447
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsThis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.keywordtumor budding
dc.subject.keywordepithelial-mesenchymal transition
dc.subject.keywordEMT
dc.subject.keywordcancer
dc.titleTumor Budding: The Name is EMT. Partial EMT.
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.publicationpublisher version
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