Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in preK-12 schools shows school, community, and citywide infections

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dc.citation.articleNumber119648en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleWater Researchen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber231en_US
dc.contributor.authorWolken, Madelineen_US
dc.contributor.authorSun, Thomasen_US
dc.contributor.authorMcCall, Camilleen_US
dc.contributor.authorSchneider, Rebeccaen_US
dc.contributor.authorCaton, Kelseyen_US
dc.contributor.authorHundley, Courtneyen_US
dc.contributor.authorHopkins, Lorenen_US
dc.contributor.authorEnsor, Katherineen_US
dc.contributor.authorDomakonda, Kaavyaen_US
dc.contributor.authorPrashant, Kalvapalleen_US
dc.contributor.authorPersse, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Stephenen_US
dc.contributor.authorStadler, Lauren B.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-16T20:32:55Zen_US
dc.date.available2023-02-16T20:32:55Zen_US
dc.date.issued2023en_US
dc.description.abstractWastewater surveillance is a passive and efficient way to monitor the spread of infectious diseases in large populations and high transmission areas such as preK-12 schools. Infections caused by respiratory viruses in school-aged children are likely underreported, particularly because many children may be asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 has been studied extensively and primarily by sampling at centralized wastewater treatment plants, and there are limited studies on SARS-CoV-2 in preK-12 school wastewater. Similarly, wastewater detections of influenza have only been reported in wastewater treatment plant and university manhole samples. Here, we present the results of a 17-month wastewater monitoring program for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 2176 samples) and influenza A and B (n = 1217 samples) in 51 preK-12 schools. We show that school wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were strongly associated with COVID-19 cases in schools and community positivity rates, and that influenza detections in school wastewater were significantly associated with citywide influenza diagnosis rates. Results were communicated back to schools and local communities to enable mitigation strategies to stop the spread, and direct resources such as testing and vaccination clinics. This study demonstrates that school wastewater surveillance is reflective of local infections at several population levels and plays a crucial role in the detection and mitigation of outbreaks.en_US
dc.identifier.citationWolken, Madeline, Sun, Thomas, McCall, Camille, et al.. "Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in preK-12 schools shows school, community, and citywide infections." <i>Water Research,</i> 231, (2023) Elsevier: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119648.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119648en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/114459en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsThis is an author's post-print. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier.en_US
dc.rightsThis work is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licenseen_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleWastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in preK-12 schools shows school, community, and citywide infectionsen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpost-printen_US
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