Sunlight Promotes Fast Release of Hazardous Cadmium from Widely-Used Commercial Cadmium Pigment

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dc.citation.firstpage6877en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber12en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleEnvironmental Science & Technologyen_US
dc.citation.lastpage6886en_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber51en_US
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Huitingen_US
dc.contributor.authorGao, Hanen_US
dc.contributor.authorLong, Mingceen_US
dc.contributor.authorFu, Heyunen_US
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez, Pedro J.J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLi, Qilinen_US
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Shourongen_US
dc.contributor.authorQu, Xiaoleien_US
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Dongqiangen_US
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-04T12:30:01Zen_US
dc.date.available2017-08-04T12:30:01Zen_US
dc.date.issued2017en_US
dc.description.abstractCadmium pigments are widely used in the polymer and ceramic industry. Their potential environmental risk is under debate, being the major barrier for appropriate regulation. We show that 83.0 ± 0.2% of hazardous cadmium ion (Cd2+) was released from the commercial cadmium sulfoselenide pigment (i.e., cadmium red) in aqueous suspension within 24 h under simulated sunlit conditions. This photodissolution process also generated sub-20 nm pigment nanoparticles. Cd2+ release is attributed to the reactions between photogenerated holes and the pigment lattices. The photodissolution process can be activated by both ultraviolet and visible light in the solar spectrum. Irradiation under alkaline conditions or in the presence of phosphate and carbonate species resulted in reduced charge carrier energy or the formation of insoluble and photostable cadmium precipitates on pigment surfaces, mitigating photodissolution. Tannic acid inhibited the photodissolution process by light screening and scavenging photogenerated holes. The fast release of Cd2+ from the pigment was further confirmed in river water under natural sunlight, with 38.6 ± 0.1% of the cadmium released within 4 h. Overall, this study underscores the importance to account for photochemical effects to inform risk assessments and regulations of cadmium pigments which are currently based on their low solubility.en_US
dc.identifier.citationLiu, Huiting, Gao, Han, Long, Mingce, et al.. "Sunlight Promotes Fast Release of Hazardous Cadmium from Widely-Used Commercial Cadmium Pigment." <i>Environmental Science & Technology,</i> 51, no. 12 (2017) American Chemical Society: 6877-6886. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00654.en_US
dc.identifier.digitalSunlight_Promotes_Fast_Release_Hazardous_Cadmiumen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00654en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/96592en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen_US
dc.rightsThis is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Chemical Society.en_US
dc.titleSunlight Promotes Fast Release of Hazardous Cadmium from Widely-Used Commercial Cadmium Pigmenten_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpost-printen_US
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