Filamentous virus-like particles are present in coral dinoflagellates across genera and ocean basins

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dc.citation.firstpage2389en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber12en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleThe ISME Journalen_US
dc.citation.lastpage2402en_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber17en_US
dc.contributor.authorHowe-Kerr, Lauren I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKnochel, Anna M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Matthew D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSims, Jordan A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKarrick, Carly E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrupstra, Carsten G. B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorVeglia, Alex J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorThurber, Andrew R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorVega Thurber, Rebecca L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCorrea, Adrienne M. S.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-08T18:56:10Zen_US
dc.date.available2024-05-08T18:56:10Zen_US
dc.date.issued2023en_US
dc.description.abstractFilamentous viruses are hypothesized to play a role in stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) through infection of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Family Symbiodiniaceae) of corals. To evaluate this hypothesis, it is critical to understand the global distribution of filamentous virus infections across the genetic diversity of Symbiodiniaceae hosts. Using transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that filamentous virus-like particles (VLPs) are present in over 60% of Symbiodiniaceae cells (genus Cladocopium) within Pacific corals (Acropora hyacinthus, Porites c.f. lobata); these VLPs are more prevalent in Symbiodiniaceae of in situ colonies experiencing heat stress. Symbiodiniaceae expelled from A. hyacinthus also contain filamentous VLPs, and these cells are more degraded than their in hospite counterparts. Similar to VLPs reported from SCTLD-affected Caribbean reefs, VLPs range from ~150 to 1500 nm in length and 16–37 nm in diameter and appear to constitute various stages in a replication cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that SCTLD-affected corals containing filamentous VLPs are dominated by diverse Symbiodiniaceae lineages from the genera Breviolum, Cladocopium, and Durusdinium. Although this study cannot definitively confirm or refute the role of filamentous VLPs in SCTLD, it demonstrates that filamentous VLPs are not solely observed in SCTLD-affected corals or reef regions, nor are they solely associated with corals dominated by members of a particular Symbiodiniaceae genus. We hypothesize that filamentous viruses are a widespread, common group that infects Symbiodiniaceae. Genomic characterization of these viruses and empirical tests of the impacts of filamentous virus infection on Symbiodiniaceae and coral colonies should be prioritized.en_US
dc.identifier.citationHowe-Kerr, L. I., Knochel, A. M., Meyer, M. D., Sims, J. A., Karrick, C. E., Grupstra, C. G. B., Veglia, A. J., Thurber, A. R., Vega Thurber, R. L., & Correa, A. M. S. (2023). Filamentous virus-like particles are present in coral dinoflagellates across genera and ocean basins. The ISME Journal, 17(12), 2389–2402. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-023-01526-6en_US
dc.identifier.digital41396_2023_article_1526en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-023-01526-6en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/115667en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherOxford University Pressen_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleFilamentous virus-like particles are present in coral dinoflagellates across genera and ocean basinsen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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