Enteral Activation of WR-2721 Mediates Radioprotection and Improved Survival from Lethal Fractionated Radiation

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dc.citation.articleNumber1949en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleScientific Reportsen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber9en_US
dc.contributor.authorMolkentine, Jessica M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFujimoto, Tara N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHorvath, Thomas D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrossberg, Aaron J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGarcia, Carolina J. Garciaen_US
dc.contributor.authorDeorukhkar, Amiten_US
dc.contributor.authorde la Cruz Bonilla, Marimaren_US
dc.contributor.authorLin, Danielen_US
dc.contributor.authorSamuel, Errol L.G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChan, Wai Kinen_US
dc.contributor.authorLorenzi, Philip L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPiwnica-Worms, Helenen_US
dc.contributor.authorDantzer, Roberten_US
dc.contributor.authorTour, James M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMason, Kathryn A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTaniguchi, Cullen M.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-12T17:25:43Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-12-12T17:25:43Zen_US
dc.date.issued2019en_US
dc.description.abstractUnresectable pancreatic cancer is almost universally lethal because chemotherapy and radiation cannot completely stop the growth of the cancer. The major problem with using radiation to approximate surgery in unresectable disease is that the radiation dose required to ablate pancreatic cancer exceeds the tolerance of the nearby duodenum. WR-2721, also known as amifostine, is a well-known radioprotector, but has significant clinical toxicities when given systemically. WR-2721 is a prodrug and is converted to its active metabolite, WR-1065, by alkaline phosphatases in normal tissues. The small intestine is highly enriched in these activating enzymes, and thus we reasoned that oral administration of WR-2721 just before radiation would result in localized production of the radioprotective WR-1065 in the small intestine, providing protective benefits without the significant systemic side effects. Here, we show that oral WR-2721 is as effective as intraperitoneal WR-2721 in promoting survival of intestinal crypt clonogens after morbid irradiation. Furthermore, oral WR-2721 confers full radioprotection and survival after lethal upper abdominal irradiation of 12.5 Gy × 5 fractions (total of 62.5 Gy, EQD2 = 140.6 Gy). This radioprotection enables ablative radiation therapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and nearly triples the median survival compared to controls. We find that the efficacy of oral WR-2721 stems from its selective accumulation in the intestine, but not in tumors or other normal tissues, as determined by in vivo mass spectrometry analysis. Thus, we demonstrate that oral WR-2721 is a well-tolerated, and quantitatively selective, radioprotector of the intestinal tract that is capable of enabling clinically relevant ablative doses of radiation to the upper abdomen without unacceptable gastrointestinal toxicity.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMolkentine, Jessica M., Fujimoto, Tara N., Horvath, Thomas D., et al.. "Enteral Activation of WR-2721 Mediates Radioprotection and Improved Survival from Lethal Fractionated Radiation." <i>Scientific Reports,</i> 9, (2019) Springer Nature: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37147-9.en_US
dc.identifier.digitals41598-018-37147-9en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37147-9en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/107897en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.rightsThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleEnteral Activation of WR-2721 Mediates Radioprotection and Improved Survival from Lethal Fractionated Radiationen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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