Standing geographic variation in eclosion time and the genomics of host race formation in Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies

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dc.citation.firstpage393
dc.citation.issueNumber1
dc.citation.journalTitleEcology and Evolution
dc.citation.lastpage409
dc.citation.volumeNumber9
dc.contributor.authorDoellman, Meredith M.
dc.contributor.authorEgan, Scott P.
dc.contributor.authorRagland, Gregory J.
dc.contributor.authorMeyers, Peter J.
dc.contributor.authorHood, Glen Ray
dc.contributor.authorPowell, Thomas H.Q.
dc.contributor.authorLazorchak, Peter
dc.contributor.authorHahn, Daniel A.
dc.contributor.authorBerlocher, Stewart H.
dc.contributor.authorNosil, Patrik
dc.contributor.authorFeder, Jeffrey L.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-06T15:32:20Z
dc.date.available2019-12-06T15:32:20Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractTaxa harboring high levels of standing variation may be more likely to adapt to rapid environmental shifts and experience ecological speciation. Here, we characterize geographic and host‐related differentiation for 10,241 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies to infer whether standing genetic variation in adult eclosion time in the ancestral hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)‐infesting host race, as opposed to new mutations, contributed substantially to its recent shift to earlier fruiting apple (Malus domestica). Allele frequency differences associated with early vs. late eclosion time within each host race were significantly related to geographic genetic variation and host race differentiation across four sites, arrayed from north to south along a 430‐km transect, where the host races co‐occur in sympatry in the Midwest United States. Host fruiting phenology is clinal, with both apple and hawthorn trees fruiting earlier in the North and later in the South. Thus, we expected alleles associated with earlier eclosion to be at higher frequencies in northern populations. This pattern was observed in the hawthorn race across all four populations; however, allele frequency patterns in the apple race were more complex. Despite the generally earlier eclosion timing of apple flies and corresponding apple fruiting phenology, alleles on chromosomes 2 and 3 associated with earlier emergence were paradoxically at lower frequency in the apple than hawthorn host race across all four sympatric sites. However, loci on chromosome 1 did show higher frequencies of early eclosion‐associated alleles in the apple than hawthorn host race at the two southern sites, potentially accounting for their earlier eclosion phenotype. Thus, although extensive clinal genetic variation in the ancestral hawthorn race exists and contributed to the host shift to apple, further study is needed to resolve details of how this standing variation was selected to generate earlier eclosing apple fly populations in the North.
dc.identifier.citationDoellman, Meredith M., Egan, Scott P., Ragland, Gregory J., et al.. "Standing geographic variation in eclosion time and the genomics of host race formation in Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies." <i>Ecology and Evolution,</i> 9, no. 1 (2019) Wiley: 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4758.
dc.identifier.digitalDoellman_et_al-2019
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4758
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/107786
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherWiley
dc.rightsThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleStanding geographic variation in eclosion time and the genomics of host race formation in Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.publicationpublisher version
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