Evidence suggests that regions within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are sensitive both to emotional and cognitive task demands. This experiment asked whether emotional and cognitive demands are processed separately by ventral and dorsal regions within the ACC, respectively. Results revealed significant individual variability between changes in anxiety and response times with practice during performance of a verb generation task. Correlational analyses of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were inconclusive. However, exploratory analyses suggest that while the ventral and dorsal subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex, which encompasses the ACC, make specialized contributions to the processing of emotion and cognition, respectively, the two subdivisions also appear to interact. These analyses also suggest that there could be a difference in how women and men balance the competing demands of emotion and cognition that might be related to differences in self-concept and neural activity in the default mode network.