A Sensitive Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Mid-Infrared High-Power Laser and Enhanced Gas Absorption

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dc.citation.articleNumber3202en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber14en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleSensorsen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber19en_US
dc.contributor.authorQiao, Shundaen_US
dc.contributor.authorMa, Yufeien_US
dc.contributor.authorHe, Yingen_US
dc.contributor.authorYu, Xinen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhonghuaen_US
dc.contributor.authorTittel, Frank K.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-05T17:30:10Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-11-05T17:30:10Zen_US
dc.date.issued2019en_US
dc.description.abstractA photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS)-based carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor with a high-power laser and an enhanced gas absorption was demonstrated. The light source was a distributed feedback (DFB), continuous wave (CW) diode laser with a high output power of ~8 mW to give a strong excitation. The target gas received optical absorption enhanced two times by using a right-angle prism reflecting the laser beam. In order to reduce the noise from the background, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and second-harmonic detection techniques were used. The modulation frequency and modulation depth were optimized theoretically and experimentally. Water vapor was added in the PAS sensor system to increase the vibrational–translational (V–T) relaxation rate of the CO molecule, which resulted in an ~8 times signal enhancement compared with the using of a dry CO/N2 gas mixture. The amplitude of the 2f signal had a 1.52-fold improvement compared to the one with only one time absorption. The experimental results showed that such a sensor had an excellent linear response to the optical power and gas concentration. At 1 s integration time, a minimum detection limit (MDL) for CO detection of 9.8 ppm was achieved. The long-term stability of the sensor system was evaluated with an Allan deviation analysis. When the integration time was 1100 s, the MDL improved to be 530 ppb. The detection performance of such a PAS-based CO sensor can be further improved when a laser with a higher output power and increasing optical absorption times is used.en_US
dc.identifier.citationQiao, Shunda, Ma, Yufei, He, Ying, et al.. "A Sensitive Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Mid-Infrared High-Power Laser and Enhanced Gas Absorption." <i>Sensors,</i> 19, no. 14 (2019) MDPI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143202.en_US
dc.identifier.digitalsensors-19-03202en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/s19143202en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/107610en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citeden_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleA Sensitive Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Mid-Infrared High-Power Laser and Enhanced Gas Absorptionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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