Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection

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dc.citation.firstpagee241
dc.citation.issueNumber1
dc.citation.journalTitleClinical Infectious Diseases
dc.citation.lastpagee248
dc.citation.volumeNumber75
dc.contributor.authorAdenaiye, Oluwasanmi O.
dc.contributor.authorLai, Jianyu
dc.contributor.authorBueno de Mesquita, P. Jacob
dc.contributor.authorHong, Filbert
dc.contributor.authorYoussefi, Somayeh
dc.contributor.authorGerman, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorTai, S.H. Sheldon
dc.contributor.authorAlbert, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorSchanz, Maria
dc.contributor.authorWeston, Stuart
dc.contributor.authorHang, Jun
dc.contributor.authorFung, Christian
dc.contributor.authorChung, Hye Kyung
dc.contributor.authorColeman, Kristen K.
dc.contributor.authorSapoval, Nicolae
dc.contributor.authorTreangen, Todd
dc.contributor.authorBerry, Irina Maljkovic
dc.contributor.authorMullins, Kristin
dc.contributor.authorFrieman, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorMa, Tianzhou
dc.contributor.authorMilton, Donald K.
dc.contributor.authorUniversity of Maryland StopCOVID Research Group
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-29T15:06:32Z
dc.date.available2022-09-29T15:06:32Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks and variants on aerosol shedding are not well understood.We recruited coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases to give blood, saliva, mid-turbinate and fomite (phone) swabs, and 30-minute breath samples while vocalizing into a Gesundheit-II, with and without masks at up to 2 visits 2 days apart. We quantified and sequenced viral RNA, cultured virus, and assayed serum samples for anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies.We enrolled 49 seronegative cases (mean days post onset 3.8 ± 2.1), May 2020 through April 2021. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 36% of fine (≤5 µm), 26% of coarse (>5 µm) aerosols, and 52% of fomite samples overall and in all samples from 4 alpha variant cases. Masks reduced viral RNA by 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 72%) in fine and by 77% (95% CI, 51 to 89%) in coarse aerosols; cloth and surgical masks were not significantly different. The alpha variant was associated with a 43-fold (95% CI, 6.6- to 280-fold) increase in fine aerosol viral RNA, compared with earlier viruses, that remained a significant 18-fold (95% CI, 3.4- to 92-fold) increase adjusting for viral RNA in saliva, swabs, and other potential confounders. Two fine aerosol samples, collected while participants wore masks, were culture-positive.SARS-CoV-2 is evolving toward more efficient aerosol generation and loose-fitting masks provide significant but only modest source control. Therefore, until vaccination rates are very high, continued layered controls and tight-fitting masks and respirators will be necessary.
dc.identifier.citationAdenaiye, Oluwasanmi O., Lai, Jianyu, Bueno de Mesquita, P. Jacob, et al.. "Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection." <i>Clinical Infectious Diseases,</i> 75, no. 1 (2022) Oxford University Press: e241-e248. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab797.
dc.identifier.digitalciab797
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab797
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/113440
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherOxford University Press
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleInfectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.publicationpublisher version
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