Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection

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dc.citation.firstpagee241en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber1en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleClinical Infectious Diseasesen_US
dc.citation.lastpagee248en_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber75en_US
dc.contributor.authorAdenaiye, Oluwasanmi O.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLai, Jianyuen_US
dc.contributor.authorBueno de Mesquita, P. Jacoben_US
dc.contributor.authorHong, Filberten_US
dc.contributor.authorYoussefi, Somayehen_US
dc.contributor.authorGerman, Jenniferen_US
dc.contributor.authorTai, S.H. Sheldonen_US
dc.contributor.authorAlbert, Barbaraen_US
dc.contributor.authorSchanz, Mariaen_US
dc.contributor.authorWeston, Stuarten_US
dc.contributor.authorHang, Junen_US
dc.contributor.authorFung, Christianen_US
dc.contributor.authorChung, Hye Kyungen_US
dc.contributor.authorColeman, Kristen K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSapoval, Nicolaeen_US
dc.contributor.authorTreangen, Todden_US
dc.contributor.authorBerry, Irina Maljkovicen_US
dc.contributor.authorMullins, Kristinen_US
dc.contributor.authorFrieman, Matthewen_US
dc.contributor.authorMa, Tianzhouen_US
dc.contributor.authorMilton, Donald K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorUniversity of Maryland StopCOVID Research Groupen_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-29T15:06:32Zen_US
dc.date.available2022-09-29T15:06:32Zen_US
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.description.abstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks and variants on aerosol shedding are not well understood.We recruited coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases to give blood, saliva, mid-turbinate and fomite (phone) swabs, and 30-minute breath samples while vocalizing into a Gesundheit-II, with and without masks at up to 2 visits 2 days apart. We quantified and sequenced viral RNA, cultured virus, and assayed serum samples for anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies.We enrolled 49 seronegative cases (mean days post onset 3.8 ± 2.1), May 2020 through April 2021. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 36% of fine (≤5 µm), 26% of coarse (>5 µm) aerosols, and 52% of fomite samples overall and in all samples from 4 alpha variant cases. Masks reduced viral RNA by 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 72%) in fine and by 77% (95% CI, 51 to 89%) in coarse aerosols; cloth and surgical masks were not significantly different. The alpha variant was associated with a 43-fold (95% CI, 6.6- to 280-fold) increase in fine aerosol viral RNA, compared with earlier viruses, that remained a significant 18-fold (95% CI, 3.4- to 92-fold) increase adjusting for viral RNA in saliva, swabs, and other potential confounders. Two fine aerosol samples, collected while participants wore masks, were culture-positive.SARS-CoV-2 is evolving toward more efficient aerosol generation and loose-fitting masks provide significant but only modest source control. Therefore, until vaccination rates are very high, continued layered controls and tight-fitting masks and respirators will be necessary.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAdenaiye, Oluwasanmi O., Lai, Jianyu, Bueno de Mesquita, P. Jacob, et al.. "Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection." <i>Clinical Infectious Diseases,</i> 75, no. 1 (2022) Oxford University Press: e241-e248. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab797.en_US
dc.identifier.digitalciab797en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab797en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/113440en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherOxford University Pressen_US
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleInfectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infectionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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