Hard carbon anode for lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries: Advancement and future perspective

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dc.citation.articleNumber101851en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber3en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleCell Reports Physical Scienceen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber5en_US
dc.contributor.authorSaju, Sreehari K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChattopadhyay, Shreyasien_US
dc.contributor.authorXu, Jiananen_US
dc.contributor.authorAlhashim, Salmaen_US
dc.contributor.authorPramanik, Atinen_US
dc.contributor.authorAjayan, Pulickel M.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-09T16:25:24Zen_US
dc.date.available2024-08-09T16:25:24Zen_US
dc.date.issued2024en_US
dc.description.abstractDue to its overall performance, hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode for rechargeable lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries (LIBs, NIBs, KIBs). The microcrystalline structure morphology of HCs facilitates the alkali metal -ion uptake and fast ion intercalation and deintercalation throughout the pores with low-potential intercalation properties. However, the large-scale industrial application of HCs is still lagging because of the first-cycle reversible capacity, which results in low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and voltage hysteresis. This review focuses on the fundamental mechanism of HCs as alkali metal-ion batteries, with the current issues being discussed. This includes the formation of solid electrolyte interphase during the first cycle with low ICE, safety concerns, and improved performances, which are vital for practical applicability. The current state-of-the-art of HC anodes is discussed here with recent literature. Furthermore, the challenges and the corresponding effective strategies to overcome the difficulties related to the commercialization of HCs as rechargeable battery anodes are discussed.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSaju, S. K., Chattopadhyay, S., Xu, J., Alhashim, S., Pramanik, A., & Ajayan, P. M. (2024). Hard carbon anode for lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries: Advancement and future perspective. Cell Reports Physical Science, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101851en_US
dc.identifier.digitalPIIS2666386424000766en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101851en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/117629en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleHard carbon anode for lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries: Advancement and future perspectiveen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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