Individual and combined effects of two types of phenological shifts on predator–prey interactions

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dc.citation.firstpage3414en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber12en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleEcologyen_US
dc.citation.lastpage3421en_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber97en_US
dc.contributor.authorRasmussen, Nick L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRudolf, Volker H.W.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-30T17:29:31Zen_US
dc.date.available2017-01-30T17:29:31Zen_US
dc.date.issued2016en_US
dc.description.abstractTiming of phenological events varies among years with natural variation in environmental conditions and is also shifting in response to climate change. These phenological shifts likely have many effects on species interactions. Most research on the ecological consequences of phenological shifts has focused on variation in simple metrics such as phenological firsts. However, for a population, a phenological event exhibits a temporal distribution with many attributes that can vary (e.g., mean, variance, skewness), each of which likely has distinct effects on interactions. In this study, we manipulated two attributes of the phenological distribution of a prey species to determine their individual and combined effects on predatorﾖprey interactions. Specifically, we studied how shifts in the mean and variation around the mean (i.e., synchrony) of hatching by tadpoles (Hyla cinerea) affected interactions with predatory dragonfly naiads (Tramea carolina). At the end of larval development, we quantified survival and growth of predator and prey. We found that both types of shifts altered demographic rates of the prey; that the effects of synchrony shifts, though rarely studied, were at least as strong as those due to mean shifts; and that the combined effects of shifts in synchrony and mean were additive rather than synergistic. By dissecting the roles of two types of shifts, this study represents a significant step toward a comprehensive understanding of the complex effects of phenological shifts on species interactions. Embracing this complexity is critical for predicting how climate change will alter community dynamics.en_US
dc.identifier.citationRasmussen, Nick L. and Rudolf, Volker H.W.. "Individual and combined effects of two types of phenological shifts on predator–prey interactions." <i>Ecology,</i> 97, no. 12 (2016) Ecological Society of America: 3414-3421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1578.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1578en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/93809en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherEcological Society of Americaen_US
dc.rightsArticle is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.en_US
dc.titleIndividual and combined effects of two types of phenological shifts on predator–prey interactionsen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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