dc.citation.firstpage	2585	en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber	10	en_US
dc.citation.journalTitle	Molecular Biology and Evolution	en_US
dc.citation.lastpage	2597	en_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber	32	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Beabout, Kathryn	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Hammerstrom, Troy G.	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Tim T.	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Bhatty, Minny	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Christie, Peter J.	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Saxer, Gerda	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Shamoo, Yousif	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2015-09-24T18:13:01Z	en_US
dc.date.available	2015-09-24T18:13:01Z	en_US
dc.date.issued	2015	en_US
dc.description.abstract	Horizontal gene transfer threatens the therapeutic success of antibiotics by facilitating the rapid dissemination of resistance alleles among bacterial species. The conjugative mobile element Tn916 provides an excellent context for examining the role of adaptive parasexuality as it carries the tetracycline-resistance allele tetM and has been identified in a wide range of pathogens. We have used a combination of experimental evolution and allelic frequency measurements to gain insights into the adaptive trajectories leading to tigecycline resistance in a hospital strain of Enterococcus faecalis and predict what mechanisms of resistance are most likely to appear in the clinical setting. Here, we show that antibiotic selection led to the near fixation of adaptive alleles that simultaneously altered TetM expression and produced remarkably increased levels of Tn916 horizontal gene transfer. In the absence of drug, approximately 1 in 120,000 of the nonadapted E. faecalis S613 cells had an excised copy of Tn916, whereas nearly 1 in 50 cells had an excised copy of Tn916 upon selection for resistance resulting in a more than 1,000-fold increase in conjugation rates. We also show that tigecycline, a translation inhibitor, selected for a mutation in the ribosomal S10 protein. Our results show the first example of mutations that concurrently confer resistance to an antibiotic and lead to constitutive conjugal-transfer of the resistance allele. Selection created a highly parasexual phenotype and high frequency of Tn916 jumping demonstrating how the use of antibiotics can lead directly to the proliferation of resistance in, and potentially among, pathogens.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Beabout, Kathryn, Hammerstrom, Troy G., Wang, Tim T., et al.. "Rampant Parasexuality Evolves in a Hospital Pathogen during Antibiotic Selection." <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution,</i> 32, no. 10 (2015) Oxford University Press: 2585-2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv133.	en_US
dc.identifier.doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv133	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/1911/81713	en_US
dc.language.iso	eng	en_US
dc.publisher	Oxford University Press	en_US
dc.rights	This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher.	en_US
dc.subject.keyword	horizontal gene transfer	en_US
dc.subject.keyword	antibiotic resistance	en_US
dc.subject.keyword	experimental evolution	en_US
dc.subject.keyword	tigecycline pathogen	en_US
dc.subject.keyword	Enterococcus faecalis	en_US
dc.title	Rampant Parasexuality Evolves in a Hospital Pathogen during Antibiotic Selection	en_US
dc.type	Journal article	en_US
dc.type.dcmi	Text	en_US
dc.type.publication	post-print	en_US

Rampant Parasexuality Evolves in a Hospital Pathogen during Antibiotic Selection

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