Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart

dc.citation.articleNumber220en_US
dc.citation.issueNumber12en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleNuclear Science and Techniquesen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber35en_US
dc.contributor.authorJia, Jiangyongen_US
dc.contributor.authorGiacalone, Giulianoen_US
dc.contributor.authorBally, Benjaminen_US
dc.contributor.authorBrandenburg, James Danielen_US
dc.contributor.authorHeinz, Ulrichen_US
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Shenglien_US
dc.contributor.authorLee, Deanen_US
dc.contributor.authorLee, Yen-Jieen_US
dc.contributor.authorLoizides, Constantinen_US
dc.contributor.authorLi, Weien_US
dc.contributor.authorLuzum, Matthewen_US
dc.contributor.authorNijs, Goverten_US
dc.contributor.authorNoronha-Hostler, Jacquelynen_US
dc.contributor.authorPloskon, Mateuszen_US
dc.contributor.authorvan der Schee, Wilkeen_US
dc.contributor.authorSchenke, Bjoernen_US
dc.contributor.authorShen, Chunen_US
dc.contributor.authorSomà, Vittorioen_US
dc.contributor.authorTimmins, Anthonyen_US
dc.contributor.authorXu, Zhangbuen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Youen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-09T20:17:03Zen_US
dc.date.available2025-01-09T20:17:03Zen_US
dc.date.issued2024en_US
dc.description.abstractHigh-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei, informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition, leading to the formation of quark–gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP, leading to final-state hadron distributions that are observed experimentally. Recent advances in both experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era of heavy-ion collisions, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of these stages to the final-state observables. To avoid this, we propose leveraging established knowledge of low-energy nuclear structures and hydrodynamic observables to independently constrain the QGP’s initial condition. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei—species with similar mass numbers but different ground-state geometries—we can disentangle the initial condition’s impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the initial stages of the collisions but also turns high-energy nuclear experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches. Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future electron-ion collider. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then.en_US
dc.identifier.citationJia, J., Giacalone, G., Bally, B., Brandenburg, J. D., Heinz, U., Huang, S., Lee, D., Lee, Y.-J., Loizides, C., Li, W., Luzum, M., Nijs, G., Noronha-Hostler, J., Ploskon, M., van der Schee, W., Schenke, B., Shen, C., Somà, V., Timmins, A., … Zhou, Y. (2024). Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 35(12), 220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01589-wen_US
dc.identifier.digitals41365-024-01589-wen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01589-wen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/118140en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.subject.keywordNuclear structureen_US
dc.subject.keywordHeavy-ion collisionsen_US
dc.subject.keywordCollective behavioren_US
dc.subject.keywordQuark–gluon plasmaen_US
dc.titleImaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide charten_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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