Effect of an Internet–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Sleep Improvement App for Shift Workers at High Risk of Sleep Disorder: Single-Arm, Nonrandomized Trial

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dc.citation.articleNumbere45834
dc.citation.journalTitleJournal of Medical Internet Research
dc.citation.volumeNumber25
dc.contributor.authorIto-Masui, Asami
dc.contributor.authorSakamoto, Ryota
dc.contributor.authorMatsuo, Eri
dc.contributor.authorKawamoto, Eiji
dc.contributor.authorMotomura, Eishi
dc.contributor.authorTanii, Hisashi
dc.contributor.authorYu, Han
dc.contributor.authorSano, Akane
dc.contributor.authorImai, Hiroshi
dc.contributor.authorShimaoka, Motomu
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-03T15:51:01Z
dc.date.available2024-05-03T15:51:01Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractBackground: Shift workers are at high risk of developing sleep disorders such as shift worker sleep disorder or chronic insomnia. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for insomnia, and emerging evidence shows that internet-based CBT is highly effective with additional features such as continuous tracking and personalization. However, there are limited studies on internet-based CBT for shift workers with sleep disorders. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 4-week, physician-assisted, internet-delivered CBT program incorporating machine learning–based well-being prediction on the sleep duration of shift workers at high risk of sleep disorders. We evaluated these outcomes using an internet-delivered CBT app and fitness trackers in the intensive care unit. Methods: A convenience sample of 61 shift workers (mean age 32.9, SD 8.3 years) from the intensive care unit or emergency department participated in the study. Eligible participants were on a 3-shift schedule and had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥5. The study comprised a 1-week baseline period, followed by a 4-week intervention period. Before the study, the participants completed questionnaires regarding the subjective evaluation of sleep, burnout syndrome, and mental health. Participants were asked to wear a commercial fitness tracker to track their daily activities, heart rate, and sleep for 5 weeks. The internet-delivered CBT program included well-being prediction, activity and sleep chart, and sleep advice. A job-based multitask and multilabel convolutional neural network–based model was used for well-being prediction. Participant-specific sleep advice was provided by sleep physicians based on daily surveys and fitness tracker data. The primary end point of this study was sleep duration. For continuous measurements (sleep duration, steps, etc), the mean baseline and week-4 intervention data were compared. The 2-tailed paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed depending on the distribution of the data. Results: In the fourth week of intervention, the mean daily sleep duration for 7 days (6.06, SD 1.30 hours) showed a statistically significant increase compared with the baseline (5.54, SD 1.36 hours; P=.02). Subjective sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, also showed statistically significant improvement from baseline (9.10) to after the intervention (7.84; P=.001). However, no significant improvement was found in the subjective well-being scores (all P>.05). Feature importance analysis for all 45 variables in the prediction model showed that sleep duration had the highest importance. Conclusions: The physician-assisted internet-delivered CBT program targeting shift workers with a high risk of sleep disorders showed a statistically significant increase in sleep duration as measured by wearable sensors along with subjective sleep quality. This study shows that sleep improvement programs using an app and wearable sensors are feasible and may play an important role in preventing shift work–related sleep disorders.
dc.identifier.citationIto-Masui, A., Sakamoto, R., Matsuo, E., Kawamoto, E., Motomura, E., Tanii, H., Yu, H., Sano, A., Imai, H., & Shimaoka, M. (2023). Effect of an Internet–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Sleep Improvement App for Shift Workers at High Risk of Sleep Disorder: Single-Arm, Nonrandomized Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1), e45834. https://doi.org/10.2196/45834
dc.identifier.digitalInternet-Delivered-Cognitive
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.2196/45834
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/115501
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherJMIR Publications
dc.rightsExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the terms of the license or beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleEffect of an Internet–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Sleep Improvement App for Shift Workers at High Risk of Sleep Disorder: Single-Arm, Nonrandomized Trial
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.publicationpublisher version
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