The Arthropod Associates of 155 North American Cynipid Oak Galls

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dc.citation.articleNumber57en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleZoological Studiesen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber61en_US
dc.contributor.authorWard, Anna K.G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBusbee, Robert W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChen, Rachel A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDavis, Charles K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDriscoe, Amanda L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorEgan, Scott P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGoldberg, Bailey A.R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHood, Glen Rayen_US
dc.contributor.authorJones, Dylan G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKranz, Adam J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMeadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMilks, Alyson K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOtt, James R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPrior, Kirsten M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSheikh, Sofia I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorShzu, Shih-Anen_US
dc.contributor.authorWeinersmith, Kelly L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Linyien_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Y. Milesen_US
dc.contributor.authorForbes, Andrew A.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-10T16:18:18Zen_US
dc.date.available2023-01-10T16:18:18Zen_US
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.description.abstractThe identities of most arthropod associates of cynipid-induced oak galls in the western Palearctic are generally known. However, a comprehensive accounting of associates has been performed for only a small number of the galls induced by the estimated 700 species of cynipid gall wasps in the Nearctic. This gap in knowledge stymies many potential studies of diversity, coevolution, and community ecology, for which oak gall systems are otherwise ideal models. We report rearing records of insects and other arthropods from more than 527,306 individual galls representing 201 different oak gall types collected from 32 oak tree species in North America. Of the 201 gall types collected, 155 produced one or more arthropods. A total of 151,075 arthropods were found in association with these 155 gall types, and of these 61,044 (40.4%) were gall wasps while 90,031 (59.6%) were other arthropods. We identified all arthropods to superfamily, family, or, where possible, to genus. We provide raw numbers and summaries of collections, alongside notes on natural history, ecology, and previously published associations for each taxon. For eight common gall-associated genera (Synergus, Ceroptres, Euceroptres, Ormyrus, Torymus, Eurytoma, Sycophila, and Euderus), we also connect rearing records to gall wasp phylogeny, geography, and ecology - including host tree and gall location (host organ), and their co-occurrence with other insect genera. Though the diversity of gall wasps and the large size of these communities is such that many Nearctic oak gall-associated insects still remain undescribed, this large collection and identification effort should facilitate the testing of new and varied ecological and evolutionary hypotheses in Nearctic oak galls.en_US
dc.identifier.citationWard, Anna K.G., Busbee, Robert W., Chen, Rachel A., et al.. "The Arthropod Associates of 155 North American Cynipid Oak Galls." <i>Zoological Studies,</i> 61, (2022) Academia Sinica: https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2022.61-57.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2022.61-57en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/114230en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherAcademia Sinicaen_US
dc.subject.keywordCynipinien_US
dc.subject.keywordGallen_US
dc.subject.keywordDiversityen_US
dc.subject.keywordSynergusen_US
dc.subject.keywordTorymusen_US
dc.subject.keywordOrmyrusen_US
dc.titleThe Arthropod Associates of 155 North American Cynipid Oak Gallsen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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