Browsing by Author "Berglund, Gregory"

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    Additive manufacturing for the development of optical/photonic systems and components
    (Optica Publishing Group, 2022) Berglund, Gregory; Wisniowiecki, Anna; Gawedzinski, John; Applegate, Brian; Tkaczyk, Tomasz S.; Bioengineering; Electrical and Computer Engineering
    The ambition of this review is to provide an up-to-date synopsis of the state of 3D printing technology for optical and photonic components, to gauge technological advances, and to discuss future opportunities. While a range of approaches have been developed and some have been commercialized, no single approach can yet simultaneously achieve small detail and low roughness at large print volumes and speed using multiple materials. Instead, each approach occupies a niche where the components/structures that can be created fit within a relatively narrow range of geometries with limited material choices. For instance, the common Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) approach is capable of large print volumes at relatively high speeds but lacks the resolution needed for small detail (>100µm) with low roughness (>9µm). At the other end of the spectrum, two-photon polymerization can achieve roughness (<15nm) and detail (<140nm) comparable to commercial molded and polished optics. However, the practical achievable print volume and speed are orders of magnitude smaller and slower than the FDM approach. Herein, we discuss the current state-of-the-art 3D printing approaches, noting the capability of each approach and prognosticate on future innovations that could close the gaps in performance.
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    Development of Principles for the Design and Additive Manufacturing of Optical Systems for Biological and Biomedical Applications
    (2022-04-12) Berglund, Gregory; Tkaczyk, Tomasz
    While 3D printing has seen increased prevalence in a widespread array of applications, adaptation to optical fabrication has been limited due to strict requirements for surface roughness and shape. However, as in other applications, the ability to 3D print optics has numerous benefits; including the ability to quickly change designs, ability to design parts in freeform geometries, print completed systems with components already in alignment, and expand access to optical fabrication beyond specialized fabrication facilities. Presently, higher end printing options, such as two-photon printing, can create optical elements that can be used directly following the printing process. But these options are limited in terms of both printing sizes and times, as well as having costs that restrict access to fabrication. Consumer-grade options, such as fused deposition modeling or stereolithographic printing, are more affordable and allow for quicker printing times and larger printing volumes. However, the resolutions of these printers are insufficient to meet surface requirement needs for optical parts. This thesis focuses on developing methods to adapt consumer-grade stereolithographic printing to create optical elements and systems within the context of fabricating components for biomedical diagnostic systems for underserved medical populations. We also investigate the ability to fabricate full scale components and systems using two-photon printing, discussing ear imaging as a model application.