Petrologic Controls on the Temperature and Volatile Evolution of Magmas

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dc.contributor.advisorLee, Cin-Ty
dc.creatorBorchardt, Jackson Stone
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-23T17:40:51Z
dc.date.available2024-01-23T17:40:51Z
dc.date.created2023-08
dc.date.issued2023-08-29
dc.date.submittedAugust 2023
dc.date.updated2024-01-23T17:40:51Z
dc.descriptionEMBARGO NOTE: This item is embargoed until 2024-08-01
dc.description.abstractScientists cannot directly observe deep into our Earth. To better understand the processes that control Earth's evolution, petrologists use the chemistry of magmas to infer properties of the mantle. This thesis centers on using magma chemistry to investigate the thermal variations throughout the mantle and the role of volatiles in both magma evolution and ore formation. Chapter two reevaluates the assumptions behind olivine-liquid thermometry. Novel methods were devised to identify primitive magmas unaffected by olivine addition. Additionally, new constraints linking melt fraction to olivine forsterite content enabled a more precise determination of the amount of olivine addition required to correct the primitive magma for fractional crystallization. Applying these new methods, we reassessed the formation temperature of the North Atlantic Igneous Province, revealing that its temperature does not align with a plume origin. Chapter three examines the evolution of volatiles in arc magmas by using a compilation of arc amphiboles to recreate the chlorine evolution of arc magmas. Amphibole-reconstructed chlorine contents indicate magmatic differentiation leads to an increase in chlorine concentration due to its incompatible behavior. The amphibole-reconstructed chlorine contents of arc magmas are significantly higher than values reported from melt inclusions, suggesting that melt inclusions may have trapped melts that had already lost volatiles. This observation implies that the crust might act as a filter for magma volatile contents, likely influencing the formation of ore deposits. In Chapter four, amphiboles are once again employed, but this time to reconstruct the evolution of fluorine in arc magmas. The melts reconstructed from amphibole data indicate that fluorine is a compatible element, sequestered within arc cumulates. Compiled experimental data suggests amphibole crystallization controls the bulk fluorine evolution in arc magmas, creating fluorine poor, but water rich arc melts. We hypothesize that the subsequent melting of these arc cumulates gives rise to fluorine-rich yet water-poor melts, which serve as hosts for rare earth element deposits.
dc.embargo.lift2024-08-01
dc.embargo.terms2024-08-01
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationBorchardt, Jackson Stone. "Petrologic Controls on the Temperature and Volatile Evolution of Magmas." (2023) Master's thesis, Rice University. https://hdl.handle.net/1911/115372
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/115372
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.
dc.subjectPetrology
dc.subjectVolcanology
dc.subjectGeochemistry
dc.subjectMantle Plumes
dc.subjectAmphibole
dc.subjectMamatic Volatiles
dc.titlePetrologic Controls on the Temperature and Volatile Evolution of Magmas
dc.typeThesis
dc.type.materialText
thesis.degree.departmentEarth Science
thesis.degree.disciplineNatural Sciences
thesis.degree.grantorRice University
thesis.degree.levelDoctoral
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy
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