Differences between modern and ancient Martian grain size distributions may reveal different paleoatmospheric conditions and provenance

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dc.contributor.advisorSiebach, Kirsten
dc.creatorPreston, Sarah Lucille
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-05T19:55:37Z
dc.date.available2023-05-05T19:55:37Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractGrain size distributions in eolian (wind-blown) deposits encode information about the atmospheric conditions that enabled their transport and deposition, and grain shape encodes information about provenance and postdepositional processes. Gale crater is a ~3.7 Ga impact crater with a vast diversity of exposed sedimentary strata indicative of a varied depositional history during the ear ly Hesperian epochs (Banham et al., 2018). The Stimson sandstone is a ~3 Ga unit of eolian sandstone in Gale crater that appears to have a coarser grain size distribution than the nearby Bagnold Dunes, an active dune field (Banham et al., 2018; Weitz et al., 2018). In this work, I hypothesize that the Martian paleoatmosphere had a different density than Mars’ current atmosphere, and that the source of the Stimson sandstone may have been more coarse than the source of the Bagnold dunes, leading to ancient sandstones with different grain size distributions than modern active sand dunes. To approach this question, I analyze images from the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) and Remote Micro Imager cameras to determine the grain size distribution of targets. Additionally, I qualitatively describe grain shape and appearance, including roundedness, sphericity, pitting, and color, along with chemical composition where possible, to determine whether differences in grain size distributions can be attributed to provenance. From these results, I explore the role of paleoclimate and provenance in generating the grain size distribution seen in the Stimson. These results will help determine the provenance of the Stimson, as well as ancient Martian atmospheric conditions, in turn providing insights into the wet-to-dry transition and, potentially, the habitability of ancient Mars.
dc.format.extent44 pp
dc.identifier.citationPreston, Sarah Lucille. "Differences between modern and ancient Martian grain size distributions may reveal different paleoatmospheric conditions and provenance." Undergraduate thesis, Rice University, 2023. https://doi.org/10.25611/ZQZG-5121.
dc.identifier.digitalSarahPreston_EEPS_Senior_Thesis
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.25611/ZQZG-5121
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/114875
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherRice University
dc.rightsCopyright is held by author
dc.subjectMars
dc.subjectsedimentology
dc.subjectCuriosity
dc.subjecteolian
dc.subjectsand
dc.subjectgeology
dc.subjectGale crater
dc.subjectsandstone
dc.subjectdunes
dc.titleDifferences between modern and ancient Martian grain size distributions may reveal different paleoatmospheric conditions and provenance
dc.type.dcmiText
dc.type.genreThesis
thesis.degree.departmentEarth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences
thesis.degree.disciplineNatural Sciences
thesis.degree.grantorRice University
thesis.degree.levelUndergraduate
thesis.degree.nameSenior Honors Thesis
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