The rheology of particle-liquid suspensions, the shape and connectivity of vesicles in pyroclasts and implications for the Plinian eruption of basaltic magma

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dc.contributor.advisorGonnermann, Helge M
dc.contributor.committeeMemberLee, Cin-Ty A
dc.contributor.committeeMemberLenardic, Adrian
dc.contributor.committeeMemberHirasaki, George J
dc.creatorMoitra, Pranabendu
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-28T22:02:28Z
dc.date.available2016-01-28T22:02:28Z
dc.date.created2015-12
dc.date.issued2015-12-01
dc.date.submittedDecember 2015
dc.date.updated2016-01-28T22:02:28Z
dc.description.abstractThis thesis consists of three projects based on magma ascent dynamics during volcanic eruptions. In the first project, I quantified vesicle shapes in pyroclasts, from different styles of volcanic eruptions, using a dimensionless shape factor. I found that this shape factor can be related to a dimensionless Capillary number, estimated from coupled bubble growth and magma ascent modeling and thus, to the eruption styles. My second project dealt with understanding the effect of crystals on the rheological properties of magma from dynamically similar analog laboratory experiments. I found that the rheological properties of particulate suspensions depend on the applied shear rate and maximum packing fraction of a particulate system, which is a function of particle size- and shape-modality. Using empirical formulations, I showed that non-Newtonian rheology of crystalline magma may cause large changes in magma discharge rates for small changes in driving pressure gradient and/or crystal shape- and size-modality. In the third project, I measured permeability of pyroclasts from the Plinian style eruptions of basaltic magma at Mt. Etna (122 BCE) and Mt. Tarawera (1886) and found that the permeability of these pyroclasts are 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the pyroclasts from Plinian style eruptions of silicic magmas. Using numerical modeling I found that the permeability thresholds are approximately at 35% of magma porosity and formulated the porosity-permeability relationships for pyroclasts from both the studied eruptions.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationMoitra, Pranabendu. "The rheology of particle-liquid suspensions, the shape and connectivity of vesicles in pyroclasts and implications for the Plinian eruption of basaltic magma." (2015) Diss., Rice University. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/88236">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/88236</a>.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/88236
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.
dc.subjectmagma
dc.subjectbasalt
dc.subjecteruption
dc.subjectexplosive
dc.subjectKilauea
dc.subjectEtna
dc.subjectTarawera
dc.subjectSoufriere Hills, Stromboli
dc.subjectNovarupta
dc.subjectTaupo
dc.subjectmicrolite
dc.subjectcrystal
dc.subjectbubble shape
dc.subjectbubble growth
dc.subjectpyroclast
dc.subjectconduit flow model
dc.subjectAvrami
dc.subjectpermeability
dc.subjectmagma rheology
dc.subjectmaximum packing
dc.subjectcrystal modality
dc.subjectHerschel-Bulkely model
dc.subjectmagma fragmentation
dc.subjectCapillary number
dc.subjectgas-pyroclast flow
dc.subjectMach number
dc.titleThe rheology of particle-liquid suspensions, the shape and connectivity of vesicles in pyroclasts and implications for the Plinian eruption of basaltic magma
dc.typeThesis
dc.type.materialText
thesis.degree.departmentEarth Science
thesis.degree.disciplineNatural Sciences
thesis.degree.grantorRice University
thesis.degree.levelDoctoral
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy
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