The rheology of particle-liquid suspensions, the shape and connectivity of vesicles in pyroclasts and implications for the Plinian eruption of basaltic magma

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dc.contributor.advisorGonnermann, Helge Men_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberLee, Cin-Ty Aen_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberLenardic, Adrianen_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberHirasaki, George Jen_US
dc.creatorMoitra, Pranabenduen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-28T22:02:28Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-01-28T22:02:28Zen_US
dc.date.created2015-12en_US
dc.date.issued2015-12-01en_US
dc.date.submittedDecember 2015en_US
dc.date.updated2016-01-28T22:02:28Zen_US
dc.description.abstractThis thesis consists of three projects based on magma ascent dynamics during volcanic eruptions. In the first project, I quantified vesicle shapes in pyroclasts, from different styles of volcanic eruptions, using a dimensionless shape factor. I found that this shape factor can be related to a dimensionless Capillary number, estimated from coupled bubble growth and magma ascent modeling and thus, to the eruption styles. My second project dealt with understanding the effect of crystals on the rheological properties of magma from dynamically similar analog laboratory experiments. I found that the rheological properties of particulate suspensions depend on the applied shear rate and maximum packing fraction of a particulate system, which is a function of particle size- and shape-modality. Using empirical formulations, I showed that non-Newtonian rheology of crystalline magma may cause large changes in magma discharge rates for small changes in driving pressure gradient and/or crystal shape- and size-modality. In the third project, I measured permeability of pyroclasts from the Plinian style eruptions of basaltic magma at Mt. Etna (122 BCE) and Mt. Tarawera (1886) and found that the permeability of these pyroclasts are 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the pyroclasts from Plinian style eruptions of silicic magmas. Using numerical modeling I found that the permeability thresholds are approximately at 35% of magma porosity and formulated the porosity-permeability relationships for pyroclasts from both the studied eruptions.en_US
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationMoitra, Pranabendu. "The rheology of particle-liquid suspensions, the shape and connectivity of vesicles in pyroclasts and implications for the Plinian eruption of basaltic magma." (2015) Diss., Rice University. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/88236">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/88236</a>.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/88236en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.subjectmagmaen_US
dc.subjectbasalten_US
dc.subjecteruptionen_US
dc.subjectexplosiveen_US
dc.subjectKilaueaen_US
dc.subjectEtnaen_US
dc.subjectTaraweraen_US
dc.subjectSoufriere Hills, Strombolien_US
dc.subjectNovaruptaen_US
dc.subjectTaupoen_US
dc.subjectmicroliteen_US
dc.subjectcrystalen_US
dc.subjectbubble shapeen_US
dc.subjectbubble growthen_US
dc.subjectpyroclasten_US
dc.subjectconduit flow modelen_US
dc.subjectAvramien_US
dc.subjectpermeabilityen_US
dc.subjectmagma rheologyen_US
dc.subjectmaximum packingen_US
dc.subjectcrystal modalityen_US
dc.subjectHerschel-Bulkely modelen_US
dc.subjectmagma fragmentationen_US
dc.subjectCapillary numberen_US
dc.subjectgas-pyroclast flowen_US
dc.subjectMach numberen_US
dc.titleThe rheology of particle-liquid suspensions, the shape and connectivity of vesicles in pyroclasts and implications for the Plinian eruption of basaltic magmaen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.type.materialTexten_US
thesis.degree.departmentEarth Scienceen_US
thesis.degree.disciplineNatural Sciencesen_US
thesis.degree.grantorRice Universityen_US
thesis.degree.levelDoctoralen_US
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophyen_US
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