Environmentally friendly microcapsule based self-healing materials using castor oil in lieu of chlorobenzene
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Self-healing materials are a class of smart materials which can recover from physical or chemical damage autonomously. One type of self-healing materials involves the use of microcapsules which are embedded within a substrate. The microcapsules contain a reactive healing agent that is exposed to the outside environment when the substrate is damaged. Upon exposure to the environment, the healant inside the microcapsules reacts quickly and solidifies in place, repairing the damage at the interface. While microcapsule-embedded self-healing materials hold promise for improving the resilience of many systems including infrastructure and water treatment systems, current development has been limited to proof-of-concept work that uses carcinogenic chemicals such as chlorobenzene. Solvents such as chlorobenzene are used to dissolve the healing agent during the encapsulation process. Replacing the solvent used during microcapsule fabrication with more environmentally friendly solvents, such as castor-oil could improve the sustainability and practical application of self-healing materials. Practical applications include embedding these microcapsules to the surface of membranes for water treatment or applying them as a protective self-healing coating in pipes. In this work, microcapsules were fabricated with both chlorobenzene and castor oil, and the size distribution and the microcapsule core content of each solvent were compared using Fiji image analysis and Thermographic analysis (TGA) respectively. Using castor oil as a solvent resulted in microcapsules with an average diameter of 153um, in contrast to the chlorobenzene microcapsules that had an average diameter of 107um. Despite the larger average diameter of the castor oil microcapsules, TGA analysis suggested that microcapsules fabricated with chlorobenzene contained a higher percentage of healing agent. The successful fabrication of environmentally friendly castor oil-based self-healing microcapsules indicates that they can be used as an alternative to their toxic chlorobenzene counterparts, but future research is needed to determine if the lower percentage of healing agent will impact their performance.
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Nelson, Georgia. "Environmentally friendly microcapsule based self-healing materials using castor oil in lieu of chlorobenzene." (2023). Master's thesis, Rice University. https://hdl.handle.net/1911/115441