Time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography (ToF-DOT) is a promising technology for non-invasive functional neuroimaging. Such an imaging device could lead to wearable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for prosthetics and faster communication. Unfortunately, ToF-DOT suffers from low spatial resolution and poor temporal resolution. The low spatial resolution is caused by the scattering of light in biological tissue and complex electronics, which limit the detector size. The poor temporal resolution is due to the large volume of measurements that must be transferred and processed. To address these challenges, we propose Gated Diffuse Optical Tomography (GDOT). GDOT uses time-gating to mitigate the effects of optical scattering while reducing the hardware and computational complexity associated with collecting full light transport transients. To demonstrate the capabilities of our proposed system, we conducted a simulated performance analysis and image reconstruction on experimental data collected from our prototype system. We showed over two orders of magnitude reduction in the algorithm runtime and enhanced image reconstruction quality using our GDOT technique.