Dielectric Dispersion Measurement, Its Field Data Evaluation, and The Development of Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inversion
| dc.contributor.advisor | Bayazitoglu, Yildiz | |
| dc.contributor.committeeMember | Myers, Mike | |
| dc.creator | Shehab, Fouad | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-05-17T15:18:05Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-05-17T15:18:05Z | |
| dc.date.created | 2018-12 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2018-10-02 | |
| dc.date.submitted | December 2018 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2019-05-17T15:18:06Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | Dielectric logging was first deployed in Oil & Gas industry as part of operations in the early 1970’s and 1980’s with Schlumberger being the first company to attempt to do so. Its operational deployment then was primarily detecting freshwater zones in oil and gas bearing formations. That was due to the fact that there is low resistivity contrast between hydrocarbon and fresh water bearing formations, resulting in resistivity tools alone being of no value in such reservoirs. This paved the way for technical development and deployment of the dielectric logging tool which provides contrast in its real part, permittivity, between water and hydrocarbons. The first has a dielectric constant of 76-80 for fresh water and can go as low as 45 depending on salinity, temperature and pressure, meanwhile hydrocarbons have a permittivity of 1 in case of gas and 2-2.5 in case of oil. Such a large difference in value pushed for the release of these tools with motivation of identifying fresh water and hydrocarbon bearing zones when coupled with resistivity measurements. However, these earlier versions yielded the conclusion that the technology is immature and the tool requires further R&D, in both equipment design and measurement capabilities at borehole and lab scale. Moreover, further work is required to be done on the petrophysical modeling interpretation side to obtain mature and reliable desired petrophysical parameters such as water saturation. This resulted in failure of the dielectric logging program then. In the period of 2006 till present time, and with release of multi-frequency dielectric logging tools by Schlumberger and Baker Hughes, with new design and measurement capabilities that extend in both axial and radial directions as well as operating at multiple frequencies, the applications portfolio of this technology has expanded drastically to a variety of petrophysical applications. Some examples are the evaluation of water content and salinity in the shallow / invaded zones of unconventional shale reservoirs, heavy oil formations, and oil mobility studies across multiple depths of investigations when the formation type permits and estimating cementation exponents in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. The introduction of this recent generation multi-frequency tools has set new challenges that should be addressed for accurate understanding of tool current capabilities and future R&D requirements to achieve maximum potential. These are the studying of the reliability of these tools in the borehole and evaluating / developing interpretation models for the acquired data in the lab. This dissertation investigates the lab equipment development aspect by developing the measurement capability that matches the direction dependent measured complex relative permittivity in the borehole. Furthermore, it evaluates the current existing effective medium models that are an option to be used in interpreting the high frequency measured relative permittivity data, 10MHz-1.56GHz on multi-frequency log data. Finally, an attempt to solve another problem in the logging industry, in particular NMR logging tools for both wireline and MWD, was made. This thesis develops and presents a novel 2D NMR inversion scheme which removes one of the bottle necks of the current exiting inversion schemes, i.e. necessity of data compression and selection of singular values to retain enough dimensionality, yet solving the problem efficiently, both in speed and memory. This equips the industry with a more robust inversion mechanism with one less of an uncertainty parameter to tweak. This also paves the way for further future work of bridging dielectrics with NMR in unconventionals. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Shehab, Fouad. "Dielectric Dispersion Measurement, Its Field Data Evaluation, and The Development of Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inversion." (2018) Diss., Rice University. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/105764">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/105764</a>. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1911/105764 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.rights | Copyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder. | |
| dc.subject | Dielectric Dispersion Anisotropy | |
| dc.subject | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inversion | |
| dc.title | Dielectric Dispersion Measurement, Its Field Data Evaluation, and The Development of Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inversion | |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.type.material | Text | |
| thesis.degree.department | Mechanical Engineering | |
| thesis.degree.discipline | Engineering | |
| thesis.degree.grantor | Rice University | |
| thesis.degree.level | Doctoral | |
| thesis.degree.name | Doctor of Philosophy |
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