Stay-at-home and face mask policy intentions inconsistent with incidence and fatality during the US COVID-19 pandemic

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dc.citation.articleNumber990400en_US
dc.citation.journalTitleFrontiers in Public Healthen_US
dc.citation.volumeNumber10en_US
dc.contributor.authorWu, Samuel X.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWu, Xinen_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-17T19:56:11Zen_US
dc.date.available2022-11-17T19:56:11Zen_US
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.description.abstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many states imposed stay-at-home (SAH) and mandatory face mask (MFM) orders to supplement the United States CDC recommendations. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between SAH and MFM approaches with the incidence and fatality of COVID-19 during the pandemic period until 23 August 2020 (about 171 days), the period with no vaccines or specific drugs that had passed the phase III clinical trials yet. States with SAH orders showed a potential 50–60% decrease in infection and fatality during the SAH period (about 45 days). After normalization to population density, there was a 44% significant increase in the fatality rate in no-SAH + no-MFM states when compared to SAH + MFM. However, many results in this study were inconsistent with the intent of public health strategies of SAH and MFM. There were similar incidence rates (1.41, 1.81, and 1.36%) and significant differences in fatality rates (3.40, 2.12, and 1.25%; p < 0.05) and mortality rates (51.43, 34.50, and 17.42 per 100,000 residents; p < 0.05) among SAH + MFM, SAH + no-MFM, and no-SAH + no-MFM states, respectively. There were no significant differences in total positive cases, average daily new cases, and average daily fatality when normalized with population density among the three groups. This study suggested potential decreases in infection and fatality with short-term SAH order. However, SAH and MFM orders from some states' policies probably had limited effects in lowering transmission and fatality among the general population. At the policy-making level, if contagious patients would not likely be placed in strict isolation and massive contact tracing would not be effective to implement, we presume that following the CDC's recommendations with close monitoring of healthcare capacity could be appropriate in helping mitigate the COVID-19 disaster while limiting collateral socioeconomic damages.en_US
dc.identifier.citationWu, Samuel X. and Wu, Xin. "Stay-at-home and face mask policy intentions inconsistent with incidence and fatality during the US COVID-19 pandemic." <i>Frontiers in Public Health,</i> 10, (2022) Frontiers: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.990400.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.990400en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/113900en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.titleStay-at-home and face mask policy intentions inconsistent with incidence and fatality during the US COVID-19 pandemicen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.type.dcmiTexten_US
dc.type.publicationpublisher versionen_US
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