Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene in 1-butene over alumina supported palladium and palladium/copper catalysts
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Copper addition to palladium increases both activity and selectivity in the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to n-butenes. The bimetal catalyst (Cu/Pd:2/1(atomic)) hydrogenates the diene to virtually 100% conversion without significant n-butene isomerization or butane formation. While at moderate conversions monometallic palladium is quite selective for n-butene production, 1-butene is quickly isomerized and saturated at higher conversions resulting from butadiene's inability to monopolize the active surface at lower partial pressures. Copper also promotes higher trans-2-butene selectivity and modifies the rate dependence on 1,3-butadiene from zero to negative order. These results suggest a donor "ligand" effect in which copper changes the palladium's electronic character. The apparent activation energy for 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation over palladium is 14.9
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Furlong, Brian Keith. "Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene in 1-butene over alumina supported palladium and palladium/copper catalysts." (1994) Master’s Thesis, Rice University. https://hdl.handle.net/1911/13832.