Three-dimensional first arrival traveltimes and amplitudes via eikonal and transport finite difference solvers
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First arrival traveltimes and associated amplitudes are essential components in Kirchhoff migration and modeling. Traditionally they have been determined by ray tracing. However ray tracing does not give traveltimes on a regular grid, and is not guaranteed to produce the minimum traveltime. Seismic traveltimes in three dimensions can be computed efficiently and accurately on a regular grid using an essentially nonoscillatory ("ENO") Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) second order scheme. The scheme can be implemented in fully vectorizable form. Several examples illustrate the effectiveness of this approach to traveltime computation. A similar accurate scheme is required to solve the transport equation for the amplitudes associated with the first arrival traveltimes. A second-order Runge-Kutta upwind finite difference scheme is constructed for this purpose. The transport equation involves the traveltime gradient and Laplacian which must be evaluated using the output of the eikonal scheme
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Abd El-Mageed, Maissa A.. "Three-dimensional first arrival traveltimes and amplitudes via eikonal and transport finite difference solvers." (1997) Diss., Rice University. https://hdl.handle.net/1911/19123.