Can't get it out of my head: The role of gender in the relations between ruminative styles, negative affect, and stress behaviors
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Rumination is a common mental experience that has received relatively little attention with respect to its precise dimensionality. The current research identifies seven such dimensions in the newly developed Survey of Ruminative Styles (SRS). Two of the ruminative styles (Distraction and Social Disclosure) were used differentially based on gender with females endorsing these styles more than males. Surprisingly, previously documented gender differences indicating females' greater tendency towards ruminative thought and brooding (e.g., Nolen-Hokesema and colleges) were not replicated in this analysis. The various ruminative styles also demonstrated differential validity as predictors of negative and positive affect and stress behaviors.
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Raley, Amber Brooke. "Can't get it out of my head: The role of gender in the relations between ruminative styles, negative affect, and stress behaviors." (2010) Master’s Thesis, Rice University. https://hdl.handle.net/1911/62107.