The ability to successfully engage in adaptive performance is important due to the increasingly dynamic nature of work. The way individuals organize concepts within a performance domain (knowledge structures) has important implications for subsequent performance, including adaptive performance. Past literature has focused on the team knowledge structures and routine or overall performance. It is not evident whether changes in individuals’ knowledge structures after an adaptive performance episode will enhance or impair performance. The current study investigated knowledge structure change and its relationship with individual differences and performance outcomes. The sample contained 185 individuals from a private southern university. There was no evidence of relationships between individual differences or performance outcomes and knowledge structure change. However, the current study contributed to the literature by measuring knowledge structures multiple times and across routine and adaptive performance episodes. Study implications and the potential use of knowledge structures in training design are also discussed.