Water scarcity worldwide has prompted the complete utilization of every drop of water sources by removing pollutants and recovering resources from multiple water sources. Electrified water treatment technologies such as electrocatalysis and electrodialysis are promising technologies to achieve such targets by consuming renewable energy, causing no secondary pollution and requiring no harsh chemicals. However, the efficiency of electrified technology is not satisfied due to complicated water matrix and high salinity in some water sources, where competing ions may decrease the product purity and waste more energy during major process. High selectivity is a key parameter to improve electrified technology efficiency in a multi-solute water matrix via high energy efficiency, fast kinetics, and low by-product production or less by-process. The selectivity towards certain ions can be achieved by its size, electrostatic force, chemical affinity and even design of operation. In this work, We reported several approaches including process design, membrane development and material synthesizing to deliver a comprehensive strategy of achieving ion selectivity by multiple mechanisms. The removal efficiency of nitrate as a pollutant and the recovery of Lithium as a resource were evaluated and compared with commercial or conventional design.