On the Evolution of Planets: From Convective Bi-stability to Volcanic Edifice Instability

dc.contributor.advisorLenardic, Adrianen_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberMorgan, Julia Ken_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberSawyer, Dale Sen_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberMcGovern, Patrick Jen_US
dc.contributor.committeeMemberJohns-Krull, Christopher Men_US
dc.creatorWeller, Matten_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-05T22:06:54Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-02-05T22:06:54Zen_US
dc.date.created2015-12en_US
dc.date.issued2015-11-24en_US
dc.date.submittedDecember 2015en_US
dc.date.updated2016-02-05T22:06:54Zen_US
dc.description.abstractThe Eastern Olympus Mons Basal Scarp (EOMBS) is conditionally stable when the edifice contains pore fluid, and critically stable, or in failure, when the edifice contains a dipping-overpressured-confined aquifer and mechanical sublayer at depth. Failure of the fault bounded portion of the flank results in estimated volumes of material ranging from 5600–6900km3, or 32–39% of the estimated volume of the “East” Olympus Mons aureole lobe. We suggest that the EOMBS faults may be an expression of early stage flank collapse and aureole lobe formation. Ages of deformed volcano adjacent plains indicate that this portion of the edifice may have been tectonically active at <50Ma, and may be coeval with estimated ages of adjacent outflow channels, 25–40Ma. This observation suggests that conditions that favor flank failure, such as water at depth below the edifice, existed in the relatively recent past and potentially could drive deformation to the present day. Coupled 3D mantle convection and planetary tectonics models are used to explore the links between tectonic-regimes, the level of internal heating (Q) within the mantle, planetary surface-temperature, and planetary lithospheric-strength. At high and low values of Q, for moderate to high yield, hot and cold single-plate planets prevail. For intermediate Q, multiple stable tectonic-states exist. In this parameter space, the specific evolutionary path of the system has a dominant role in determining its tectonic state. For low to moderate lithospheric yield strength, mobile-lid behavior (a plate tectonic-like mode of convection) is attainable for high degrees of internal heating (i.e., early in a planet’s thermal evolution). This state is sensitive to climate driven changes in surface-temperatures. Relatively small increases in surface-temperature can be sufficient to usher in a transition from a mobile- to a stagnant-lid regime. Once stagnant, a return to mobile-lid is not attainable by a reduction of surface-temperatures alone. For lower levels of Q, the tectonic regime becomes less sensitive to surface-temperature changes. These results indicate that terrestrial planets can alternate between multiple tectonic-states over giga-year timescales. Within parameter space regions that allow for bi-stable behavior, any model-based prediction as to the current mode of tectonics is inherently non-unique in the absence of constraints on the geologic and climatic histories of a planet.en_US
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationWeller, Matt. "On the Evolution of Planets: From Convective Bi-stability to Volcanic Edifice Instability." (2015) Diss., Rice University. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1911/88430">https://hdl.handle.net/1911/88430</a>.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/88430en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.en_US
dc.subjectPlanetary evolutionen_US
dc.subjectGeodynamicsen_US
dc.subjectvolcanic evolutionen_US
dc.titleOn the Evolution of Planets: From Convective Bi-stability to Volcanic Edifice Instabilityen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.type.materialTexten_US
thesis.degree.departmentEarth Scienceen_US
thesis.degree.disciplineNatural Sciencesen_US
thesis.degree.grantorRice Universityen_US
thesis.degree.levelDoctoralen_US
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophyen_US
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