This thesis deals primarily with economic impacts of transportation and their distribution and has two basic goals. The first is to describe why the distribution of benefits and costs from urban transportation is important. The second is to describe how the economic impacts of highway systems and rapid transit systems are distributed. The thesis deals with each mode separately. The distribution of the benefits and costs from the operations of present systems is described. The difficulties of this task are outlined. However, some indicators of benefits and costs do give an idea of the distribution of impacts from the day to day operations of systems, and data on these indicators are compiled. The impacts of new facilities are discussed, including the long term as well as the short term impacts.