Buffalo Bayou suffers from low dissolved oxygen/ levels and so cannot support a wide variety or large population of fish and aquatic vegetation. The low oxygen concentrations are largely due to the in-stream degradation of sewage discharged into the Bayou. This study seeks to assess the current water quality of the Bayou, and to determine the impact of point discharges, non-point discharges, and other factors on stream quality. From data on the stream's water quality and its response to various factors, computer models have been calibrated, verified, and used to predict future and hypothetical stream quality. Consideration is given to the effect of increased sewage discharges, varied levels of in-plant treatment, and alternative options of direct treatment of the stream through flow augmentation and stream aeration. Conclusions are drawn as to the effectiveness of the various schemes for protecting the Bayou's water.