This dissertation presents three essays examining healthcare access and equity in developing contexts, with a focus on India. The first essay investigates patient behavior in hospital selection following the implementation of a universal insurance program, shedding light on factors influencing healthcare utilization patterns. The second essay evaluates the multifaceted impacts of a large-scale subsidized menstrual hygiene product distribution scheme on women's health outcomes and educational attainment. The final essay assesses the effects of a nutrition intervention program targeting adolescent girls on both educational performance and health indicators. Together, these studies contribute to our understanding of how targeted health interventions and policy changes can address disparities in healthcare access and improve overall well-being in resource-constrained settings.