Browsing by Author "Ziemer, Heidi Elizabeth"

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    Characterizing the representations mediating long-term cross-modality priming for words
    (2000) Ziemer, Heidi Elizabeth; Watkins, Michael J.
    The present studies attempt to characterize the representations that support long-term, cross-modality priming, with the main hypothesis being that auditory-to-visual priming for words is supported by phonological representations. The purpose of Experiments 1 and 2 was to develop and refine an experimental paradigm for manipulating phonological processing. Results indicate that, regardless of study condition, semantic or phonological-articulatory, using homophonic nonwords as foils in a lexical decision task can eliminate phonological priming of both the speed and accuracy of responding. The purpose of Experiment 3 was to apply this paradigm to cross-modality priming. To the extent that it is mediated by phonological representations, cross-modality priming should be reduced in the context of homophonic foils. The findings support the hypothesis: Robust same-modality priming was obtained in both the reaction time and error data, whereas cross-modality priming was not significant. There was, however, a small amount of cross-modality priming in the RT data, prompting further exploration of this issue. Experiment 4 included type of nonword foil, nonhomophonic and homophonic, as a between-participants variable. The study task was changed from tangibility judgments to naming aloud. The pattern of results was similar to that of Experiment 3, with robust cross-modality priming when foils were nonhomophonic nonwords, and very attenuated cross-modality priming when the foils sounded like words. In Experiment 5, visual-to-visual and auditory-to-visual priming for words was compared in the lexical decision task when foils were nonhomophonic nonwords or homophonic nonwords. A recognition memory condition was also included. Cross-modality priming for words was about half as large as repetition priming when nonhomophonic nonwords served as the foils, but was virtually eliminated in the context of homophonic nonwords. Same-modality priming was unaffected by foil manipulation, and there were no modality differences in the recognition condition. Taken together, this pattern of findings suggests that visual-to-visual word priming is mediated largely by orthographic representations, and auditory-to-visual cross-modality word priming is mediated largely by phonological representations.
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    Long-term phonological priming in three implicit memory tasks
    (1998) Ziemer, Heidi Elizabeth; Bowers, Jeffrey S.
    In Experiment 1, homophone and repetition priming were evaluated in 3 implicit memory tests. Homophone priming was comparable in size to repetition priming in the naming task, while reduced, but significant, homophone priming was obtained in the lexical decision and perceptual identification tasks. In Experiment 2, pseudohomophones (e.g., brane) were utilized as the distractor foils at test rather than pronounceable nonwords (e.g., terl). The homophone priming obtained in the lexical decision task in Experiment 1 was eliminated suggesting that phonological priming can be strategic. The role of orthography in homophone priming in the naming task was evaluated in Experiment 3. Homophone priming appears to depend upon the amount of orthographic overlap; orthographically dissimilar homophone pairs (e.g., bomb, balm) exhibited less homophone priming compared to similar pairs (e.g., bell, belle).