Browsing by Author "Zheng, Huadan"
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Item Accurate measurement of nanomechanical motion in a fiber-taper nano-optomechanical system(AIP Publishing LLC, 2019) Zheng, Huadan; Qiu, Weiqia; Gu, Xiaohang; Zhang, Yu; Zhu, Wenguo; Huang, Bincheng; Lu, Huihui; Guan, Heyuan; Xiao, Yi; Zhong, Yongchun; Fang, Junbin; Luo, Yunhan; Zhang, Jun; Yu, Jianhui; Tittel, Frank; Chen, ZheThe hybrid systems that couple optical and mechanical degrees of freedom in nanoscale devices offer an unprecedented opportunity and development in laboratories worldwide. A nano-optomechanical (NOM) system that converts energy directly/inversely between optics and mechanics opens an approach to control the behavior of light and light-driven mechanics. An accurate measurement of the mechanical motion of a fiber-taper NOM system is a critical challenge. In this work, an optical microscope was used to measure the nanoscale mechanical motion of the fiber taper by introducing white light interference. The resolution of mechanical motion monitoring achieved 0.356 nm with an optomechanical efficiency of >20 nm/μW. This paper describes an approach to characterize NOM transducers between optical and mechanical signals in both classical and quantum fields.Item Application of Micro Quartz Tuning Fork in Trace Gas Sensing by Use of Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy(MDPI, 2019) Lin, Haoyang; Huang, Zhao; Kan, Ruifeng; Zheng, Huadan; Liu, Yihua; Liu, Bin; Dong, Linpeng; Zhu, Wenguo; Tang, Jieyuan; Yu, Jianhui; Chen, Zhe; Tittel, Frank K.A novel quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor based on a micro quartz tuning fork (QTF) is reported. As a photoacoustic transducer, a novel micro QTF was 3.7 times smaller than the usually used standard QTF, resulting in a gas sampling volume of ~0.1 mm3. As a proof of concept, water vapor in the air was detected by using 1.39 μm distributed feedback (DFB) laser. A detailed analysis of the performance of a QEPAS sensor based on the micro QTF was performed by detecting atmosphere H2O. The laser focus position and the laser modulation depth were optimized to improve the QEPAS excitation efficiency. A pair of acoustic micro resonators (AmRs) was assembled with the micro QTF in an on-beam configuration to enhance the photoacoustic signal. The AmRs geometry was optimized to amplify the acoustic resonance. With a 1 s integration time, a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 1.97 × 10−8 W·cm−1·Hz−1/2 was achieved when detecting H2O at less than 1 atm.Item Beat frequency quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for fast and calibration-free continuous trace-gas monitoring(Springer Nature, 2017) Wu, Hongpeng; Dong, Lei; Zheng, Huadan; Yu, Yajun; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a sensitive gas detection technique which requires frequent calibration and has a long response time. Here we report beat frequency (BF) QEPAS that can be used for ultra-sensitive calibration-free trace-gas detection and fast spectral scan applications. The resonance frequency and Q-factor of the quartz tuning fork (QTF) as well as the trace-gas concentration can be obtained simultaneously by detecting the beat frequency signal generated when the transient response signal of the QTF is demodulated at its non-resonance frequency. Hence, BF-QEPAS avoids a calibration process and permits continuous monitoring of a targeted trace gas. Three semiconductor lasers were selected as the excitation source to verify the performance of the BF-QEPAS technique. The BF-QEPAS method is capable of measuring lower trace-gas concentration levels with shorter averaging times as compared to conventional PAS and QEPAS techniques and determines the electrical QTF parameters precisely.Item Compact photoacoustic module for methane detection incorporating interband cascade light emitting device(The Optical Society, 2017) Zheng, Huadan; Lou, Minhan; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Ye, Weilin; Yin, Xukun; Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Bewley, William W.; Merritt, Charles D.; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Warren, Michael V.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.; Tittel, Frank K.A photoacoustic module (PAM) for methane detection was developed by combining a novel 3.2 μm interband cascade light emitting device (ICLED) with a compact differential photoacoustic cell. The ICLED with a 22-stage interband cascade active core emitted a collimated power of ~700 μW. A concave Al-coat reflector was positioned adjacent to the photoacoustic cell to enhance the gas absorption length. Assembly of the ICLED and reflector with the photoacoustic cell resulted in a robust and portable PAM without any moving parts. The PAM performance was evaluated in terms of operating pressure, sensitivity and linearity. A 1σ detection limit of 3.6 ppmv was achieved with a 1-s integration time.Item Highly sensitive SO2 photoacoustic sensor for SF6decomposition detection using a compact mW-level diode-pumped solid-state laser emitting at 303 nm(The Optical Society, 2017) Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Zheng, Huadan; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.A compact ppb-level SO2 photoacoustic sensor was developed for the application of SF6decomposition detection in electric power systems. The selection of the SO2 target spectrum is discussed in detail in the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectral regions. Based on the result of the spectrum selection, a small-sized UV-band diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) emitting at 303.6 nm with an output power of 5 mW was developed. A differential photoacoustic cell (PAC) was designed to match the output optical beam, obtain a high Q-factor and reduce the system flow noise in the SF6 buffer gas. The performance of the sensor system was assessed in terms of gas flow rate, linearity and detection sensitivity. A SO2 detection limit (1σ) of 74 ppbv was achieved with a 1-s integration time, which corresponds to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 1.15 × 10−9 cm−1WHz-1/2.Item Influence of Tuning Fork Resonance Properties on Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Performance(MDPI, 2019) Zheng, Huadan; Lin, Haoyang; Dong, Lei; Liu, Yihua; Patimisco, Pietro; Zweck, John; Mozumder, Ali; Sampaolo, Angelo; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Huang, Bincheng; Tang, Jieyuan; Dong, Linpeng; Zhu, Wenguo; Yu, Jianhui; Chen, Zhe; Tittel, Frank K.A detailed investigation of the influence of quartz tuning forks (QTFs) resonance properties on the performance of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) exploiting QTFs as acousto-electric transducers is reported. The performance of two commercial QTFs with the same resonance frequency (32.7 KHz) but different geometries and two custom QTFs with lower resonance frequencies (2.9 KHz and 7.2 KHz) were compared and discussed. The results demonstrated that the fundamental resonance frequency as well as the quality factor and the electrical resistance were strongly inter-dependent on the QTF prongs geometry. Even if the resonance frequency was reduced, the quality factor must be kept as high as possible and the electrical resistance as low as possible in order to guarantee high QEPAS performance.Item Low power consumption quartz-enhanced photoacoustic gas sensor employing a quantum cascade laser in pulsed operation(SPIE, 2017) Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Gluszek, Aleksander; Hudzikowski, Arkadiusz; Giglio, Marilena; Zheng, Huadan; Tittel, Frank K.; Spagnolo, VincenzoWe report here an analysis of the performance of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) system operating in a pulsed mode by employing a quantum cascade laser (QCL). The QEPAS system is based on a quartz tuning fork (QTF) having fundamental resonance frequency of 4.2 kHz and a first overtone resonance of 25.4 KHz. Water vapor was used as a target gas by selecting its absorption line falling at 1296.5 cm-1 with a line strength of 1.69⋅10-22 cm/molecule. The QEPAS signal was investigated, while varying the QCL duty-cycle from continuous wave operation, down to 5%, which corresponds to a laser power consumption of 0.17 mW and a pulse-width of 4 μs.Item Overtone resonance enhanced single-tube on-beam quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectrophone(AIP Publishing LLC, 2016) Zheng, Huadan; Dong, Lei; Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.A single-tube on-beam quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (SO-QEPAS) spectrophone, which employs a custom-made quartz tuning fork (QTF) having a prong spacing of 700 μm and operating at the 1st overtone flexural mode, is reported. The design of QTF prong geometry allows the bare QTF to possess twice higher Q-factor values for the 1st overtone resonance mode falling at ∼17.7 kHz than in the fundamental resonance mode at ∼2.8 kHz, resulting in an 8 times higher QEPAS signal amplitude when operating in the 1st overtone resonance mode. Both the vertical position and length of the single-tube acoustic micro-resonator (AmR) were optimized to attain optimal spectrophone performance. Benefiting from the high overtone resonance frequency and the quasi 1st harmonic acoustic standing waves generated in the SO-QEPAS configuration, the AmR length is reduced to 14.5 mm. This allows the realization of compact spectrophone and facilitates the laser beam alignment through the QTF + AmR system. The signal enhancement in the overtone resonance mode and the high acoustic coupling efficiency between the AmR and QTF in the SO-QEPAS configuration yields an overall sensitivity enhancement factor of ∼380 with respect to the bare custom QTF operating in the fundamental resonance mode.Item Quartz enhanced photoacoustic H2S gas sensor based on a fiber-amplifier source and a custom tuning fork with large prong spacing(AIP Publishing LLC, 2015) Wu, Hongpeng; Sampaolo, Angelo; Dong, Lei; Patimisco, Pietro; Liu, Xiaoli; Zheng, Huadan; Yin, Xukun; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.A quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor, employing an erbium-doped fiber amplified laser source and a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with its two prongs spaced ∼800 μm apart, is reported. The sensor employs an acoustic micro-resonator (AmR) which is assembled in an “on-beam” QEPAS configuration. Both length and vertical position of the AmR are optimized in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, significantly improving the QEPAS detection sensitivity by a factor of ∼40, compared to the case of a sensor using a bare custom QTF. The fiber-amplifier-enhanced QEPAS sensor is applied to H2S trace gas detection, reaching a sensitivity of ∼890 ppb at 1 s integration time, similar to those obtained with a power-enhanced QEPAS sensor equipped with a standard QTF, but with the advantages of easy optical alignment, simple installation, and long-term stability.Item Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy for nanomechanical analysis of polymer wire(AIP Publishing LLC, 2015) Zheng, Huadan; Yin, Xukun; Zhang, Guofeng; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Liu, Xiaoli; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy is developed as an analytical tool to investigate dynamic nanomechanical behaviors of polymer wires, in order to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg). A polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microwire with a diameter of 10 μm was bridged across the prongs of a quartz tuning fork (QTF). With the advantage of QTF self-sensing as compared with micro-cantilevers or other resonators, the resonance frequency and Q factor can be directly determined by means of its electrical conductance spectra with respect to the frequency of the external excitation source (dI/dV vs f), and therefore, no optical beam is required. The Tg of the PMMA microwire was determined by the maximum loss modulus of the QTF, calculated from the resonance frequency and the Q factor as a function of temperature. The measured Tg of the PMMA is 103 °C with an error of ±2 °C. Both heating/cooling and physical aging experiments were carried out, demonstrating that the technique is both reversible and reproducible.Item Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy exploiting a fast and wideband electro-mechanical light modulator(Optical Society of America, 2020) Zheng, Huadan; Zheng, Huadan; Liu, Yihua; Lin, Haoyang; Kan, Ruifeng; Kan, Ruifeng; Dong, Lei; Dong, Lei; Zhu, Wenguo; Fang, Junbin; Yu, Jianhui; Yu, Jianhui; Tittel, Frank K.; Chen, ZheA quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) gas sensor exploiting a fast and wideband electro-mechanical light modulator was developed. The modulator was designed based on the electro-mechanical effect of a commercial quartz tuning fork (QTF). The laser beam was directed on the edge surface of the QTF prongs. The configuration of the laser beam and the QTF was optimized in detail in order to achieve a modulation efficiency of ∼100%. The L-band single wavelength laser diode and a C-band tunable continuous wave laser were used to verify the performance of the developed QTF modulator, respectively, realizing a QEPAS sensor based on amplitude modulation (AM). As proof of concept, the AM-based QEPAS sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 45 ppm for H2O and 50 ppm for CO2 with a 1 s integration time respectively.Item Simultaneous dual-gas QEPAS detection based on a fundamental and overtone combined vibration of quartz tuning fork(AIP Publishing LLC, 2017) Wu, Hongpeng; Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Pei, Kailong; Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Zheng, Huadan; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.A dual-gas quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor system based on a frequency division multiplexing technique of a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was developed and experimentally demonstrated. Two beams from two independently modulated lasers are focused at two different positions between the QTF prongs to excite both the QTF fundamental and 1st overtone flexural modes simultaneously. The 2f-wavelength modulation technique is employed by applying two sinusoidal dithers, whose frequencies are equal to a half of the QTF fundamental and 1st overtone frequencies, respectively, to the currents of two excitation lasers. The resonance frequency difference between two flexural modes ensures that the correlated photoacoustic signals generated by different target gases do not interfere with each other. The proposed QEPAS methodology realizes a continuous real-time dual-gas monitoring with a simple setup and small sensor size compared with previous multi-gas QEPAS sensors.Item Single-tube on beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectrophones exploiting a custom quartz tuning fork operating in the overtone mode(SPIE, 2017) Giglio, Marilena; Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Zheng, Huadan; Wu, Hongpeng; Dong, Lei; Tittel, Frank K.; Spagnolo, VincenzoWe report here on the realization of a single-tube on-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) spectroscopy sensor employing a custom-made quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a large prong spacing. The prongs of the QTF have been designed in order to provide a quality factor twice higher when the QTF operates in the first overtone flexural mode than in the fundamental mode. The influence of the microresonator tube on the main parameters characterizing the sensing performance of the QEPAS spectrophone, including the quality factor, the magnitude of the QEPAS signal and the associated background noise was investigated in detail.