Browsing by Author "Yin, Xukun"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Compact photoacoustic module for methane detection incorporating interband cascade light emitting device
    (The Optical Society, 2017) Zheng, Huadan; Lou, Minhan; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Ye, Weilin; Yin, Xukun; Kim, Chul Soo; Kim, Mijin; Bewley, William W.; Merritt, Charles D.; Canedy, Chadwick L.; Warren, Michael V.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.; Tittel, Frank K.
    A photoacoustic module (PAM) for methane detection was developed by combining a novel 3.2 μm interband cascade light emitting device (ICLED) with a compact differential photoacoustic cell. The ICLED with a 22-stage interband cascade active core emitted a collimated power of ~700 μW. A concave Al-coat reflector was positioned adjacent to the photoacoustic cell to enhance the gas absorption length. Assembly of the ICLED and reflector with the photoacoustic cell resulted in a robust and portable PAM without any moving parts. The PAM performance was evaluated in terms of operating pressure, sensitivity and linearity. A 1σ detection limit of 3.6 ppmv was achieved with a 1-s integration time.
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    Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems
    (Elsevier, 2022) Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Gao, Miao; Zhang, Le; Zhang, Xueshi; Liu, Lixian; Shao, Xiaopeng; Tittel, Frank K.
    In SF6 insulated high-voltage gas power systems, H2O is the most problematic impurity which not only decreases insulation performance but also creates an acidic atmosphere that promotes corrosion. Corrosion damages electrical equipment and leads to leaks, which pose serious safety hazards to people and the environment. A QEPAS-based sensor system for the sub-ppm level H2O detection in SF6 buffer gas was developed by use of a near-infrared commercial DFB diode laser. Since the specific physical constants of SF6 are strongly different from that of N2 or air, the resonant frequency and Q-factor of the bare quartz tuning fork (QTF) had changed to 32,763 Hz and 4173, respectively. The optimal vertical detection position was 1.2 mm far from the QTF opening. After the experimental optimization of acoustic micro-resonator (AmR) parameters, gas pressures, and modulation depths, a detection limit of 0.49 ppm was achieved for an averaging time of 1 s, which provided a powerful prevention tool for the safety monitoring in power systems.
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    Highly sensitive photoacoustic multicomponent gas sensor for SF6 decomposition online monitoring
    (Optical Society of America, 2019) Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Zhang, Lei; Ma, Weiguang; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.
    A ppb-level photoacoustic multicomponent gas sensor system for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) decomposition detection was developed by the use of two near-infrared (NIR) diode lasers and an ultraviolet (UV) solid-state laser. A telecommunication fiber amplifier module was used to boost up the excitation optical power from the two NIR lasers. A dual-channel high-Q photoacoustic cell (PAC) was designed for the simultaneous detection of CO, H2S, and SO2 in SF6 buffer gas by means of a time division multiplexing (TDM) method. Feasibility and performance of the multicomponent sensor was evaluated, resulting in minimum detection limits of 435 ppbv, 89 ppbv, and 115 ppbv for CO, H2S, and SO2 detection at atmospheric pressure.
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    Highly sensitive SO2 photoacoustic sensor for SF6decomposition detection using a compact mW-level diode-pumped solid-state laser emitting at 303 nm
    (The Optical Society, 2017) Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Zheng, Huadan; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.
    A compact ppb-level SO2 photoacoustic sensor was developed for the application of SF6decomposition detection in electric power systems. The selection of the SO2 target spectrum is discussed in detail in the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectral regions. Based on the result of the spectrum selection, a small-sized UV-band diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) emitting at 303.6 nm with an output power of 5 mW was developed. A differential photoacoustic cell (PAC) was designed to match the output optical beam, obtain a high Q-factor and reduce the system flow noise in the SF6 buffer gas. The performance of the sensor system was assessed in terms of gas flow rate, linearity and detection sensitivity. A SO2 detection limit (1σ) of 74 ppbv was achieved with a 1-s integration time, which corresponds to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 1.15 × 10−9 cm−1WHz-1/2.
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    Near-infrared laser photoacoustic gas sensor for simultaneous detection of CO and H2S
    (Optical Society of America, 2021) Yin, Xukun; Yin, Xukun; Gao, Miao; Miao, Ruiqi; Zhang, Le; Zhang, Xueshi; Liu, Lixian; Shao, Xiaopeng; Shao, Xiaopeng; Tittel, Frank K.
    A ppb-level H2S and CO photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gas sensor was developed by using a two-stage commercial optical fiber amplifier with a full output power of 10 W. Two near-infrared diode lasers with the central wavenumbers of 6320.6 cm−1 and 6377.4 cm−1 were employed as the excitation laser source. A time-division multiplexing method was used to simultaneously detect CO and H2S with an optical switch. A dual-resonator structural photoacoustic cell (PAC) was theoretically simulated and designed with a finite element analysis. A µV level background noise was achieved with the differential and symmetrical PAC. The performance of the multi-component sensor was evaluated after the optimization of frequency, pressure and modulation depth. The minimum detection limits of 31.7 ppb and 342.7 ppb were obtained for H2S and CO at atmospheric pressure.
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    Ppb-level H2S detection for SF6 decomposition based on a fiber-amplified telecommunication diode laser and a background-gas-induced high-Q photoacoustic cell
    (AIP Publishing, 2017) Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.
    A ppb-level hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensor for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) decomposition analysis was developed by means of a background-gas-induced high-Q differential photoacoustic cell (PAC) and a fiber-amplified telecommunication diode laser. The watt-level excitation laser power compensates the sensitivity loss as a result of using a low cost, near-IR laser source. The differential design with a large cylindrical resonator diameter allows the PAC to accommodate the high power beam and maintain a low noise level output. The theory of background-gas-induced high-Q PAC is provided and was verified experimentally. A H2S detection limit (1σ) of 109 ppb in a SF6 buffer gas was achieved for an averaging time of 1 s, which corresponds to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 2.9 × 10−9 cm−1 W Hz−1/2.
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    Quartz enhanced photoacoustic H2S gas sensor based on a fiber-amplifier source and a custom tuning fork with large prong spacing
    (AIP Publishing LLC, 2015) Wu, Hongpeng; Sampaolo, Angelo; Dong, Lei; Patimisco, Pietro; Liu, Xiaoli; Zheng, Huadan; Yin, Xukun; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.
    A quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor, employing an erbium-doped fiber amplified laser source and a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with its two prongs spaced ∼800 μm apart, is reported. The sensor employs an acoustic micro-resonator (AmR) which is assembled in an “on-beam” QEPAS configuration. Both length and vertical position of the AmR are optimized in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, significantly improving the QEPAS detection sensitivity by a factor of ∼40, compared to the case of a sensor using a bare custom QTF. The fiber-amplifier-enhanced QEPAS sensor is applied to H2S trace gas detection, reaching a sensitivity of ∼890 ppb at 1 s integration time, similar to those obtained with a power-enhanced QEPAS sensor equipped with a standard QTF, but with the advantages of easy optical alignment, simple installation, and long-term stability.
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    Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy for nanomechanical analysis of polymer wire
    (AIP Publishing LLC, 2015) Zheng, Huadan; Yin, Xukun; Zhang, Guofeng; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Liu, Xiaoli; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.
    Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy is developed as an analytical tool to investigate dynamic nanomechanical behaviors of polymer wires, in order to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg). A polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microwire with a diameter of 10 μm was bridged across the prongs of a quartz tuning fork (QTF). With the advantage of QTF self-sensing as compared with micro-cantilevers or other resonators, the resonance frequency and Q factor can be directly determined by means of its electrical conductance spectra with respect to the frequency of the external excitation source (dI/dV vs f), and therefore, no optical beam is required. The Tg of the PMMA microwire was determined by the maximum loss modulus of the QTF, calculated from the resonance frequency and the Q factor as a function of temperature. The measured Tg of the PMMA is 103 °C with an error of ±2 °C. Both heating/cooling and physical aging experiments were carried out, demonstrating that the technique is both reversible and reproducible.
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    Simultaneous dual-gas QEPAS detection based on a fundamental and overtone combined vibration of quartz tuning fork
    (AIP Publishing LLC, 2017) Wu, Hongpeng; Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Pei, Kailong; Sampaolo, Angelo; Patimisco, Pietro; Zheng, Huadan; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wangbao; Xiao, Liantuan; Spagnolo, Vincenzo; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.
    A dual-gas quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor system based on a frequency division multiplexing technique of a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was developed and experimentally demonstrated. Two beams from two independently modulated lasers are focused at two different positions between the QTF prongs to excite both the QTF fundamental and 1st overtone flexural modes simultaneously. The 2f-wavelength modulation technique is employed by applying two sinusoidal dithers, whose frequencies are equal to a half of the QTF fundamental and 1st overtone frequencies, respectively, to the currents of two excitation lasers. The resonance frequency difference between two flexural modes ensures that the correlated photoacoustic signals generated by different target gases do not interfere with each other. The proposed QEPAS methodology realizes a continuous real-time dual-gas monitoring with a simple setup and small sensor size compared with previous multi-gas QEPAS sensors.