Browsing by Author "Wang, Gang"

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    Chiral Magnetic Effects in Nuclear Collisions
    (Annual Reviews, 2020) Li, Wei; Wang, Gang
    The interplay of quantum anomalies with strong magnetic fields and vorticity in chiral systems could lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In high-energy nuclear collisions, these chiral effects may survive the expansion of a quark–gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. The experimental searches for the CME, the CMW, and the CVE have aroused extensive interest over the past couple of decades. The main goal of this article is to review the latest experimental progress in the search for these novel chiral transport phenomena at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Future programs to help reduce uncertainties and facilitate the interpretation of the data are also discussed.
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    Urothelial-to-Neural Plasticity Drives Progression to Small Cell Bladder Cancer
    (Cell Press, 2020) Yang, Guoliang; Bondaruk, Jolanta; Cogdell, David; Wang, Ziqiao; Lee, Sangkyou; Lee, June Goo; Zhang, Shizhen; Choi, Woonyoung; Wang, Yan; Liang, Yu; Wang, Gang; Wang, Ying; Yao, Hui; Dadhania, Vipulkumar; Gao, Jianjun; Logothetis, Christopher; Siefker-Radtke, Arlene; Kamat, Ashish; Dinney, Colin; Theodorescu, Dan; Kimmel, Marek; Wei, Peng; Guo, Charles C.; Weinstein, John N.; McConkey, David J.; Czerniak, Bogdan
    We report a comprehensive molecular analysis of 34 cases of small cell carcinoma (SCC) and 84 cases of conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC), with The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of 408 conventional UC bladder cancers used as the reference. SCCs showed mutational landscapes characterized by nearly uniform inactivation of TP53 and were dominated by Sanger mutation signature 3 associated with loss of BRCA1/2 function. SCCs were characterized by downregulation of luminal and basal markers and were referred to as double-negative. Transcriptome analyses indicated that SCCs displayed lineage plasticity driven by a urothelial-to-neural phenotypic switch with a dysregulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition network. SCCs were depleted of immune cells, and expressed high levels of the immune checkpoint receptor, adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A), which is a potent inhibitor of immune infiltration. Our observations have important implications for the prognostication and development of more effective therapies for this lethal bladder cancer variant.