Browsing by Author "Scholz, Sonja W."

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    Genome-Wide Analysis of Structural Variants in Parkinson Disease
    (Wiley, 2023) Billingsley, Kimberley J.; Ding, Jinhui; Jerez, Pilar Alvarez; Illarionova, Anastasia; Levine, Kristin; Grenn, Francis P.; Makarious, Mary B.; Moore, Anni; Vitale, Daniel; Reed, Xylena; Hernandez, Dena; Torkamani, Ali; Ryten, Mina; Hardy, John; Consortium (UKBEC), UK Brain Expression; Chia, Ruth; Scholz, Sonja W.; Traynor, Bryan J.; Dalgard, Clifton L.; Ehrlich, Debra J.; Tanaka, Toshiko; Ferrucci, Luigi; Beach, Thomas G.; Serrano, Geidy E.; Quinn, John P.; Bubb, Vivien J.; Collins, Ryan L; Zhao, Xuefang; Walker, Mark; Pierce-Hoffman, Emma; Brand, Harrison; Talkowski, Michael E.; Casey, Bradford; Cookson, Mark R; Markham, Androo; Nalls, Mike A.; Mahmoud, Medhat; Sedlazeck, Fritz J; Blauwendraat, Cornelis; Gibbs, J. Raphael; Singleton, Andrew B.
    Objective Identification of genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease (PD) has to date been primarily limited to the study of single nucleotide variants, which only represent a small fraction of the genetic variation in the human genome. Consequently, causal variants for most PD risk are not known. Here we focused on structural variants (SVs), which represent a major source of genetic variation in the human genome. We aimed to discover SVs associated with PD risk by performing the first large-scale characterization of SVs in PD. Methods We leveraged a recently developed computational pipeline to detect and genotype SVs from 7,772 Illumina short-read whole genome sequencing samples. Using this set of SV variants, we performed a genome-wide association study using 2,585 cases and 2,779 controls and identified SVs associated with PD risk. Furthermore, to validate the presence of these variants, we generated a subset of matched whole-genome long-read sequencing data. Results We genotyped and tested 3,154 common SVs, representing over 412 million nucleotides of previously uncatalogued genetic variation. Using long-read sequencing data, we validated the presence of three novel deletion SVs that are associated with risk of PD from our initial association analysis, including a 2 kb intronic deletion within the gene LRRN4. Interpretation We identified three SVs associated with genetic risk of PD. This study represents the most comprehensive assessment of the contribution of SVs to the genetic risk of PD to date. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1012–1022
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    Single-cell somatic copy number variants in brain using different amplification methods and reference genomes
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Kalef-Ezra, Ester; Turan, Zeliha Gozde; Perez-Rodriguez, Diego; Bomann, Ida; Behera, Sairam; Morley, Caoimhe; Scholz, Sonja W.; Jaunmuktane, Zane; Demeulemeester, Jonas; Sedlazeck, Fritz J.; Proukakis, Christos
    The presence of somatic mutations, including copy number variants (CNVs), in the brain is well recognized. Comprehensive study requires single-cell whole genome amplification, with several methods available, prior to sequencing. Here we compare PicoPLEX with two recent adaptations of multiple displacement amplification (MDA): primary template-directed amplification (PTA) and droplet MDA, across 93 human brain cortical nuclei. We demonstrate different properties for each, with PTA providing the broadest amplification, PicoPLEX the most even, and distinct chimeric profiles. Furthermore, we perform CNV calling on two brains with multiple system atrophy and one control brain using different reference genomes. We find that 20.6% of brain cells have at least one Mb-scale CNV, with some supported by bulk sequencing or single-cells from other brain regions. Our study highlights the importance of selecting whole genome amplification method and reference genome for CNV calling, while supporting the existence of somatic CNVs in healthy and diseased human brain.