Browsing by Author "Paoletti, Jensine"
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Item Addressing the Social Support Paradox with a Multidomain Complementary Fit of Desired and Perceived Support(2021-04-16) Paoletti, Jensine; King, Eden B.The social support paradox describes inconsistent findings on the role of social support for wellbeing, as some studies have found a negative correlation between social support and wellbeing, while others have found a positive correlation between social support and wellbeing. Thus far, some researchers have addressed this paradox by considering an individual’s relative desired support and perceived support, but often in only one domain (i.e. either focused on home or work). This study extends research by considering both the work and nonwork domains at the within-person level. Thus, complementary fit between perceived and desired support from both domains was hypothesized to predict mood and burnout such that when perceived support matches desired support, fit would be directly related to positive mood and indirectly related to negative mood and burnout. Similarly, there was a hypothesized partial mediation from support fit to burnout through mood. Testing these models did not result in strict congruence effects, although a dearth of perceived support (relative to desired support) predicted higher burnout at the within- and between-person levels. Unexpectedly, the results also imply that some cases of excess perceived support (relative to desired support) predict lower burnout at the between-person level. Results demonstrate the value of examining social support and burnout at the within-person level, as the study indicates that social support may be a response to acute burnout such that it stops feedback loops leading to chronic burnout.Item Emotion Regulation, Parasympathetic Function, and Psychological Well-Being(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Brown, Ryan L.; Chen, Michelle A.; Paoletti, Jensine; Dicker, Eva E.; Wu-Chung, E. Lydia; LeRoy, Angie S.; Majd, Marzieh; Suchting, Robert; Thayer, Julian F.; Fagundes, Christopher P.The negative emotions generated following stressful life events can increase one’s risk of depressive symptoms and promote higher levels of perceived stress. The process model of emotion regulation can help distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies to determine who may be at the greatest risk of worse psychological health across the lifespan. Heart rate variability (HRV) may affect these relationships as it indexes aspects of self-regulation, including emotion and behavioral regulation, that enable an individual to dynamically adapt to the changing demands of both internal and external environments. In this study, we expected individual differences in resting vagally mediated HRV to moderate the influence of emotion regulatory strategies among our sample of 267 adults. We found support for the hypothesis that higher vagally mediated HRV buffers against the typical adverse effects of expressive suppression when evaluating depressive symptoms and found weak support when considering perceived stress. There was no evidence for an interaction between cognitive reappraisal and vagally mediated HRV but there was a significant, negative association between cognitive reappraisal and depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Future work may determine if intervening on either emotion regulation strategies or HRV may change these within-persons over time.Item Is it a Popularity Contest? Popularity and Diversity in Team Leadership(2018-11-30) Paoletti, Jensine; Salas, EduardoWomen and non-native employees are historically disadvantaged in leadership and remain underrepresented in management levels of organizations. While previous research has made strides in understanding and reducing societal inequality in leadership, I incorporate the developmental construct of popularity and preference (i.e., likability) as a lens to view and mitigate disadvantages women and minorities face in leadership. Indeed, teenage girls experience a negative correlation between popularity and preference which is thought to follow adult women into leadership and explain why women leaders face social barriers to leading (A. H. N. Cillessen, 2011). Additionally, this may shed some light how social ties in teams affect the team’s task-related decisions and behaviors. Gender and culturally diverse leaderless teams were interviewed using semi-structured interviews weekly over the course of a seven-week internship about popularity, preference, and leader behaviors in their teams. A double coder and I implemented Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method of thematic analysis to evaluate the interview data. A testable model and four themes resulted. First, we found that a popular individual’s ideas were valued more highly than ideas presented by others and that increased participation (i.e., talking) proceeded popularity. Next, we found that the popular individual would be considered the leader when they were also perceived as committed to the team’s goals and team-oriented. Cultural differences and the language barrier prevented non-Americans from emerging as leaders due to lower levels of participation and popularity. There were no gender differences in leader behaviors or evaluations of leaders, but women leaders were not called ‘leaders’ until further into the internship relative to men leaders. I then discuss the many theoretical and practical applications of my findings including combining popularity and preference to become a one-factor construct, as supported by Scott and Judge (2009), and allowing multicultural team members time to reflect before discussing a topic in a brainstorming session, as to reduce the inequality in participation levels due to cultural and language barriers.Item Looking to the Middle of the Qualitative-Quantitative Spectrum for Integrated Mixed Methods(Sage, 2021) Paoletti, Jensine; Bisbey, Tiffany M.; Zajac, Stephanie; Waller, Mary J.; Salas, EduardoSubstantially advancing the study of teams will require a new research paradigm complete with methods capable of capturing the complex, dynamic process of teamwork. In this paper, we suggest studying teams with an integrated mixed methods approach (i.e., methods defined by an interconnected mix of quantitative and qualitative characteristics) can help address current methodological shortcomings of our science by promoting sufficiently contextualized research. Through a review of methods, we highlight exemplars of integrated mixed methods that have the potential to be more widely adopted; namely, interaction analysis, content analysis, cluster analysis, state space grids, and agent-based modeling.Item The Effects of Strain-Based Work–Parenting Conflict on Dual Income Couples’ Energy(MDPI, 2022) Paoletti, Jensine; Derrick, Jaye L.; Fagundes, Christopher P.; Leonard, Kenneth E.(1) Background: Gender differences between men’s and women’s parenting roles are well-documented as the “second shift”. We examined the main effects and interaction of work distress and parenting distress with energy (i.e., vigor) in a sample of 310 dual-income, different-sex couples with kids married for approximately nine years. (2) Methods: We used actor–partner interdependence modeling (APIM) to examine how spouses’ distress was associated with their energy. (3) Results: For both wives and husbands, there were negative associations between the actor’s parenting distress and their energy level and between the actor’s work distress and their energy level. However, only wives experienced a significant interaction of work and parenting distress such that high levels of both forms of distress were associated with low levels of energy, indicating that only wives experience this form of work–family conflict. (4) Conclusions: When women experience more strain at home than men, they may need more time to recover from their work and family duties. If they cannot do so, they will have less energy to carry out their responsibilities and may be at a higher risk of future adverse health outcomes.