Browsing by Author "Oswalt, Denise"

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    Beta activity in human anterior cingulate cortex mediates reward biases
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Xiao, Jiayang; Adkinson, Joshua A.; Myers, John; Allawala, Anusha B.; Mathura, Raissa K.; Pirtle, Victoria; Najera, Ricardo; Provenza, Nicole R.; Bartoli, Eleonora; Watrous, Andrew J.; Oswalt, Denise; Gadot, Ron; Anand, Adrish; Shofty, Ben; Mathew, Sanjay J.; Goodman, Wayne K.; Pouratian, Nader; Pitkow, Xaq; Bijanki, Kelly R.; Hayden, Benjamin; Sheth, Sameer A.
    The rewards that we get from our choices and actions can have a major influence on our future behavior. Understanding how reward biasing of behavior is implemented in the brain is important for many reasons, including the fact that diminution in reward biasing is a hallmark of clinical depression. We hypothesized that reward biasing is mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a cortical hub region associated with the integration of reward and executive control and with the etiology of depression. To test this hypothesis, we recorded neural activity during a biased judgment task in patients undergoing intracranial monitoring for either epilepsy or major depressive disorder. We found that beta (12–30 Hz) oscillations in the ACC predicted both associated reward and the size of the choice bias, and also tracked reward receipt, thereby predicting bias on future trials. We found reduced magnitude of bias in depressed patients, in whom the beta-specific effects were correspondingly reduced. Our findings suggest that ACC beta oscillations may orchestrate the learning of reward information to guide adaptive choice, and, more broadly, suggest a potential biomarker for anhedonia and point to future development of interventions to enhance reward impact for therapeutic benefit.
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    Decoding Depression Severity From Intracranial Neural Activity
    (Elsevier, 2023) Xiao, Jiayang; Provenza, Nicole R.; Asfouri, Joseph; Myers, John; Mathura, Raissa K.; Metzger, Brian; Adkinson, Joshua A.; Allawala, Anusha B.; Pirtle, Victoria; Oswalt, Denise; Shofty, Ben; Robinson, Meghan E.; Mathew, Sanjay J.; Goodman, Wayne K.; Pouratian, Nader; Schrater, Paul R.; Patel, Ankit B.; Tolias, Andreas S.; Bijanki, Kelly R.; Pitkow, Xaq; Sheth, Sameer A.
    Background Disorders of mood and cognition are prevalent, disabling, and notoriously difficult to treat. Fueling this challenge in treatment is a significant gap in our understanding of their neurophysiological basis. Methods We recorded high-density neural activity from intracranial electrodes implanted in depression-relevant prefrontal cortical regions in 3 human subjects with severe depression. Neural recordings were labeled with depression severity scores across a wide dynamic range using an adaptive assessment that allowed sampling with a temporal frequency greater than that possible with typical rating scales. We modeled these data using regularized regression techniques with region selection to decode depression severity from the prefrontal recordings. Results Across prefrontal regions, we found that reduced depression severity is associated with decreased low-frequency neural activity and increased high-frequency activity. When constraining our model to decode using a single region, spectral changes in the anterior cingulate cortex best predicted depression severity in all 3 subjects. Relaxing this constraint revealed unique, individual-specific sets of spatiospectral features predictive of symptom severity, reflecting the heterogeneous nature of depression. Conclusions The ability to decode depression severity from neural activity increases our fundamental understanding of how depression manifests in the human brain and provides a target neural signature for personalized neuromodulation therapies.