Browsing by Author "Nakamura, Ryohei"

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    Chromatin architecture transitions from zebrafish sperm through early embryogenesis
    (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2021) Wike, Candice L.; Guo, Yixuan; Tan, Mengyao; Nakamura, Ryohei; Shaw, Dana Klatt; Díaz, Noelia; Whittaker-Tademy, Aneasha F.; Durand, Neva C.; Aiden, Erez Lieberman; Vaquerizas, Juan M.; Grunwald, David; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Cairns, Bradley R.; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics
    Chromatin architecture mapping in 3D formats has increased our understanding of how regulatory sequences and gene expression are connected and regulated in a genome. The 3D chromatin genome shows extensive remodeling during embryonic development, and although the cleavage-stage embryos of most species lack structure before zygotic genome activation (pre-ZGA), zebrafish has been reported to have structure. Here, we aimed to determine the chromosomal architecture in paternal/sperm zebrafish gamete cells to discern whether it either resembles or informs early pre-ZGA zebrafish embryo chromatin architecture. First, we assessed the higher-order architecture through advanced low-cell in situ Hi-C. The structure of zebrafish sperm, packaged by histones, lacks topological associated domains and instead displays “hinge-like” domains of ∼150 kb that repeat every 1–2 Mbs, suggesting a condensed repeating structure resembling mitotic chromosomes. The pre-ZGA embryos lacked chromosomal structure, in contrast to prior work, and only developed structure post-ZGA. During post-ZGA, we find chromatin architecture beginning to form at small contact domains of a median length of ∼90 kb. These small contact domains are established at enhancers, including super-enhancers, and chemical inhibition of Ep300a (p300) and Crebbpa (CBP) activity, lowering histone H3K27ac, but not transcription inhibition, diminishes these contacts. Together, this study reveals hinge-like domains in histone-packaged zebrafish sperm chromatin and determines that the initial formation of high-order chromatin architecture in zebrafish embryos occurs after ZGA primarily at enhancers bearing high H3K27ac.
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    CTCF looping is established during gastrulation in medaka embryos
    (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2021) Nakamura, Ryohei; Motai, Yuichi; Kumagai, Masahiko; Wike, Candice L.; Nishiyama, Haruyo; Nakatani, Yoichiro; Durand, Neva C.; Kondo, Kaori; Kondo, Takashi; Tsukahara, Tatsuya; Shimada, Atsuko; Cairns, Bradley R.; Aiden, Erez Lieberman; Morishita, Shinichi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics
    Chromatin looping plays an important role in genome regulation. However, because ChIP-seq and loop-resolution Hi-C (DNA-DNA proximity ligation) are extremely challenging in mammalian early embryos, the developmental stage at which cohesin-mediated loops form remains unknown. Here, we study early development in medaka (the Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes) at 12 time points before, during, and after gastrulation (the onset of cell differentiation) and characterize transcription, protein binding, and genome architecture. We find that gastrulation is associated with drastic changes in genome architecture, including the formation of the first loops between sites bound by the insulator protein CTCF and a large increase in the size of contact domains. In contrast, the binding of the CTCF is fixed throughout embryogenesis. Loops form long after genome-wide transcriptional activation, and long after domain formation seen in mouse embryos. These results suggest that, although loops may play a role in differentiation, they are not required for zygotic transcription. When we repeated our experiments in zebrafish, loops did not emerge until gastrulation, that is, well after zygotic genome activation. We observe that loop positions are highly conserved in synteny blocks of medaka and zebrafish, indicating that the 3D genome architecture has been maintained for >110–200 million years of evolution.