Browsing by Author "Nair, Girish B."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Association of anticoagulation dose and survival in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective propensity score‐weighted analysis
    (Wiley, 2020) Ionescu, Filip; Jaiyesimi, Ishmael; Petrescu, Ioana; Lawler, Patrick R.; Castillo, Edward; Munoz‐Maldonado, Yolanda; Imam, Zaid; Narasimhan, Mangala; Abbas, Amr E.; Konde, Anish; Nair, Girish B.
    Background: Hypercoagulability may contribute to COVID‐19 pathogenicity. The role of anticoagulation (AC) at therapeutic (tAC) or prophylactic doses (pAC) is unclear. Objectives: We evaluated the impact on survival of different AC doses in COVID‐19 patients. Methods: Retrospective, multi‐center cohort study of consecutive COVID‐19 patients hospitalized between March 13 and May 5, 2020. Results: A total of 3480 patients were included (mean age, 64.5 years [17.0]; 51.5% female; 52.1% black and 40.6% white). 18.5% (n = 642) required intensive care unit (ICU) stay. 60.9% received pAC (n = 2121), 28.7% received ≥3 days of tAC (n = 998), and 10.4% (n = 361) received no AC. Propensity score (PS) weighted Kaplan‐Meier plot demonstrated different 25‐day survival probability in the tAC and pAC groups (57.5% vs 50.7%). In a PS–weighted multivariate proportional hazards model, AC was associated with reduced risk of death at prophylactic (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.22‐0.54]) and therapeutic doses (HR 0.14 [95% CI 0.05‐0.23]) compared to no AC. Major bleeding occurred more frequently in tAC patients (81 [8.1%]) compared to no AC (20 [5.5%]) or pAC (46 [2.2%]) subjects. Conclusions: Higher doses of AC were associated with lower mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Prospective evaluation of efficacy and risk of AC in COVID‐19 is warranted.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Extubation Failure in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Impact on In-Hospital Mortality
    (Sage, 2021) Ionescu, Filip; Zimmer, Markie S.; Petrescu, Ioana; Castillo, Edward; Bozyk, Paul; Abbas, Amr; Abplanalp, Lauren; Dogra, Sanjay; Nair, Girish B.
    Purpose:We sought to identify clinical factors that predict extubation failure (reintubation) and its prognostic implications in critically ill COVID-19 patients.Materials and Methods:Retrospective, multi-center cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Multivariate competing risk models were employed to explore the rate of reintubation and its determining factors.Results:Two hundred eighty-one extubated patients were included (mean age, 61.0 years [±13.9]; 54.8% male). Reintubation occurred in 93 (33.1%). In multivariate analysis accounting for death, reintubation risk increased with age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04 per 1-year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 -1.06), vasopressors (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.60), renal replacement (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.22-3.29), maximum PEEP (HR 1.07 per 1-unit increase, 95% CI 1.02 -1.12), paralytics (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.08-2.25) and requiring more than nasal cannula immediately post-extubation (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.37-3.50). Reintubation was associated with higher mortality (36.6% vs 2.1%; P < 0.0001) and risk of inpatient death after adjusting for multiple factors (HR 23.2, 95% CI 6.45-83.33). Prone ventilation, corticosteroids, anticoagulation, remdesivir and tocilizumab did not impact the risk of reintubation or death.Conclusions:Up to 1 in 3 critically ill COVID-19 patients required reintubation. Older age, paralytics, high PEEP, need for greater respiratory support following extubation and non-pulmonary organ failure predicted reintubation. Extubation failure strongly predicted adverse outcomes.