Browsing by Author "McGinley, Matthew James"

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    Graded recruitment of pupil-linked neuromodulation by parametric stimulation of the vagus nerve
    (Springer Nature, 2021) Mridha, Zakir; de Gee, Jan Willem; Shi, Yanchen; Alkashgari, Rayan; Williams, Justin; Suminski, Aaron; Ward, Matthew P.; Zhang, Wenhao; McGinley, Matthew James
    Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is thought to affect neural activity by recruiting brain-wide release of neuromodulators. VNS is used in treatment-resistant epilepsy, and is increasingly being explored for other disorders, such as depression, and as a cognitive enhancer. However, the promise of VNS is only partially fulfilled due to a lack of mechanistic understanding of the transfer function between stimulation parameters and neuromodulatory response, together with a lack of biosensors for assaying stimulation efficacy in real time. We here develop an approach to VNS in head-fixed mice on a treadmill and show that pupil dilation is a reliable and convenient biosensor for VNS-evoked cortical neuromodulation. In an ‘optimal’ zone of stimulation parameters, current leakage and off-target effects are minimized and the extent of pupil dilation tracks VNS-evoked basal-forebrain cholinergic axon activity in neocortex. Thus, pupil dilation is a sensitive readout of the moment-by-moment, titratable effects of VNS on brain state.